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06 May 2012 By
Mshari al-Zaydi The assassination
attempt on the famous Lebanese Christian political
figure Samir Geagea is an outrageous expression of the
eruption of political-sectarian confrontations in the
region. Geagea is the loudest
dissident Christian voice opposed to the idea of a
minority alliance, promoted by the al-Assad regime, as
a justification for instinctively aligning with the
outwardly "Baathist" Alawite al-Assad, in the face of
the "Sunni" revolution. This is the starting point for
how best to understand the ongoing conflict.
To clarify the
picture, we must compare certain individuals with
their opposites. We can appreciate the value of the
Lebanese Christian leader Samir Geagea when we compare
his position to that of another Lebanese Christian
figure, namely General Michel Aoun, who is completely
immersed in a sectarian alliance with the Shiite party
of Hezbollah and the Alawite regime of al-Assad. This
alliance is designed to target the Sunni majority
across the Fertile Crescent countries from Iraq to
Lebanon. But there are also other figures breaking
away from the intense onslaught against the Sunni
majority. We have seen the stance adopted by Druze
leader Walid Jumblatt in his courageous and admirable
alignment with the Syrian revolution. He even placed
the revolution's flag on the tomb of his father Kamal
Jumblatt, during his latest memorial visit. Walid
Jumblatt has clearly stated over and over again that
he is against the theory of a minority alliance.
Geagea plainly reiterated the same thing in response
to Aoun and his political trend, and in an implicit
reply to the new Patriarch of Lebanon's Maronite
Church, Boutros al-Rahi, who has moved closer to the
language spoken by al-Assad and Aoun in contrast with
his predecessor Nasrallah Sfeir. When we talk about the
sectarian factor in political analysis, we are not
condoning the sectarian approach or its ethics.
However, this sectarian factor denotes the reality and
we must understand such realities as they are, not the
way we want them to be. How else can we
interpret the positions taken by son of the Shiite
Dawa party and Prime Minister of Iraq's current
sectarian government Nuri al-Maliki, who has been
pursuing the Sunni Vice-President of Iraq Tariq al-Hashimi,
providing Bashar al-Assad with moral and material aid,
and differentiating between an evil Baathist party,
i.e. the Sunni party of Saddam Hussein, and a good
Baathist party, i.e. the "Alawite" sect of al-Assad?
This is a picture that
screams of sectarianism and deep historical alignment.
As strange as it
seems, the entire world, as expressed by Russian
Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, has bought into the
fear of Sunni alternative rule in Syria. Yet by doing
this, the world is unintentionally reinforcing Sunni
sectarianism, as a reaction to its current state of
besiegement. Syria's people will soon say: "If you can
see nothing in my revolution against oppression and
injustice except that I am a Sunni and not an
aggrieved citizen, then I will be a Sunni with a
vengeance. Since my all-encompassing nationalistic
messages and practices – embodied in the revolution's
slogan: "One, one, one…the Syrian people are one" –
have not reached you, along with the fact that one of
the Free Syrian Army [FSA] battalions is named "Sultan
al-Atrash", and the Syrian National Council [SNC] is
headed by leaders like George Sabra; since all these
messages have not reached their intended recipients,
then I will be a much fiercer and more severe Sunni
than you ever imagined". If Syria's revolution
turns into a sectarian conflict, which is not yet the
case, it will be the international community that is
responsible for pushing it in that direction.
Sectarian diversity is
a reality in the region, particularly in the Levant,
Iraq and Egypt. We should take advantage of this
reality instead of converting it into a crisis.
Stances like those
adopted by Samir Geagea and Walid Jumblatt have been
very beneficial in consolidating national discourse
and the humanitarian dimension of the crisis, as well
as casting away the sectarian discrimination and
denominational rhetoric blatantly assumed by figures
like Aoun and al-Maliki, as well as entities like
Hezbollah. In his latest article,
Lebanese editor and journalist Hazem Saghieh touched
upon a dimension of this complicated story, regarding
Arab Christians within the Sunni milieu. He said that "In the
chemistry between sects, there is a lot of bad air.
Indeed, relations between Sunnis and Christians and
vise-versa might be the most toxic." Saghieh recalled the
milestones of Christian incorporation into an
all-encompassing cultural discourse with the Sunni
population, through the idea of Arab pan-nationalism,
even through the idea of Syrian nationalism along the
lines of Antun Saadeh; the famous Lebanese-Syrian
nationalist philosopher, writer and politician, and
also through flagrant Christan involvement in
right-wing activities or left-wing policies. Saghieh
remarked on how a unified religious and sectarian
dimension was created by the deliberate exaggeration
and magnification of the Palestinian Cause, stressing
a common ground to bring together Christians and
Muslims, i.e. the city of Jerusalem. Saghieh said that
"The city of Jerusalem was the most heavily traded
commodity in the entire deal. Regarding anti-Semitism,
which was not an Islamic phenomenon, it was a poisoned
gift [from the Christians]. Muslims were indoctrinated
to hate Israel, not because it occupied Arab
territories, but because its ancestors crucified Jesus
Christ." In truth, despite the
more or less constant presence of sectarianism in the
Arab political scene, we have never noticed it to be
as pressing or present as it has been over more than
the past decade. You could say that the Khomeinist
revolution awakened the sleeping Sunni demons.
Following the fall of
the Saddam regime, Iraq was restructured in a crude
sectarian fashion, just like in Lebanon, and just like
the enemies of the revolution in Syria are now
speaking about sectarian determinants. However, there
are times in our contemporary history that are
distanced from this sectarian hostility. Names like the Syrian
Prime Minister during independence era, Faris al-Khoury,
as well as striving patriotic figures like the Druze
Sultan al-Atrash and the Alawite Saleh al-Ali, to say
nothing of symbols which earnestly served Arab culture
like the Christian academic households of Al-Bustani
and al-Yazji in Lebanon, and patriots like Makram
Ebeid Pasha in Egypt. All the aforementioned names
show that sectarianism is not the inevitable fate of
this region. Walid Jumblatt, who is
now receiving threats just like Geagea, inherited his
father's anti-sectarian position. Furthermore, he has
taken over the stance of his grandfather, Shakib
Arslan, who was the staunchest Arab advocate of
pan-Islamic policies and identity. He was also a
personal friend of King Abdul Aziz Al Saud, founder of
the modern Saudi State. All this confirms that there
is more that unites the people of this region, than
divides them. For those who don't
know, many Syrian independence revolutionaries from
the Druze sect, who were fighting against French
colonialists, sought refuge in Saudi territories at
certain times during the reign of King Abdul Aziz Al
Saud. There is no danger of
the Syrian revolution turning sectarian. Actually, the
revolution has proved its nationalistic agenda, its
diversity and its unity. The one party that insists on
emphasizing the sectarian dimension overtly and
covertly is the regime itself. The danger is the
exact opposite. In other words, the persistence of the
al-Assad regime in carrying out killings and bloody
carnage could feed Sunni religious fanatical
discourse. Hence, the existence of a Christian, Druze,
Alawite and Shiite presence in the revolution, along
with all components of the Syrian social fabric,
challenges all claims of the emergence of a fanatical
Sunni discourse; claims made by the regime to rekindle
an abominable sectarian clash. The regime has not yet
lost hope of promoting its own account of the
revolution. The assassination
attempt on the Lebanese Christian leader Samir Geagea
is an attempt to kill off the idea of a national
humanitarian alliance, and an attempt to strike at the
symbols who refute the theory of a minority alliance.
Geagea is like
Jumblatt and al-Hariri, they are all symbols helping
to combat sectarianism, which is the sole source of
sedition and incitement. They have never sought to
stir this up~ Such symbols ought to join forces at
this historic moment, which might represent a rare
opportunity to emerge from the dark tunnel. A Saudi journalist and expert on Islamic movements and Islamic fundamentalism as well as Saudi affairs. Mshari is Asharq Al-Awsat's opinion page Editor, where he also contributes a weekly column. Has worked for the local Saudi press occupying several posts at Al -Madina newspaper amongst others. He has been a guest on numerous news and current affairs programs as an expert on Islamic extremism |