Salatul Kasuf, prayer of the solar and lunar eclipse
The scholars agree that the prayer of the eclipses is a sunnah
mu'akkadah, a stressed one, which is to be performed by both
men and women. It is best to pray it in congregation although
the congregation is not a condition for it. The people are
called to it by announcing as-salatu jami'ah "prayer in
congregation." The majority of the scholars hold that it
is to consist of two rak'at and that in every rak'ah one is to
perform two bowings (ruku') instead of the customary one.
'Aishah narrates: "There was a solar eclipse during
the time of the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam and the
Prophet went to the mosque, and he stood and made the takbir,
and he put the people in rows behind him, and he made a
lengthy recital during the salah. Next, he made the takbir and
made a long ruku', but it was not as long as the recital.
Following that, he raised his head, saying: 'Allah hears him
who praises Him. And to You, our Lord, belongs the praise.'
Afterward, he stood and made another long recital but it was
shorter than the first one. Again, he made the takbir and made
a ruku' that was shorter than the first one. Then, again he
said: 'Allah hears him who praises Him. And to You, our Lord,
belongs the praise.' After this, he prostrated. He did the
same in the next rak'ah and finished four ruku' and four
sujjud. The sun appeared again before he finished. Finally, he
stood and addressed the people and praised Allah as He
deserves it and said: 'The sun and the moon are two signs from
among Allah's signs and there is no eclipse due to someone's
death or life. If you see them occurring, hurry to
pray.'" This is related by alBukhari and Muslim.
Bukhari and Muslim also record that Ibn 'Abbas said:
"There was a solar eclipse during the life time of the
Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam and he prayed with a long
standing, similar to what it takes to recite alBaqarah. Then,
he made a long ruku'. After which, he stood and made another
long recital but shorter than the first one. Again he went
into ruku', but for a shorter time than in the first one.
Following this, he made sajdah [twice]. Next he made another
long standing (qiyam) which was also not as long as the first.
After that, he made another lengthy ruku' but it was not as
long as the first one. Again, he made another long qiyam [and
recital] but it was not as long as the first one. After which,
he made another lengthy ruku' but it was not as long as the
previous one. Following this, he went into sajdah [and so on].
When he had finished, the sun had appeared. He concluded his
prayer and said: 'The sun and the moon are two signs from the
signs of Allah, and there is no eclipse due to the death or
life of anyone. If you see it, make remembrance of
Allah.'" Grading these reports, Ibn Abdul Barr says:
"These two hadith are the most authentic reports on this
topic."
Ibn al-Qayyim observes: "The authentic, clear, and
prepondering sunnah concerning salatul kasuf is that the ruku'
is to be repeated [twice] in every rak'ah. This is based on
the hadith from 'Aishah, Ibn 'Abbas, Jabir, Ubayy ibn Ka'b,
'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'Aas, and Abu Musa alAsh'ari. They
all report that the Prophet repeated the ruku' in one rak'ah.
Those who mention the repeating of the ruku' are more in
number, weightier, and closer to the Prophet sallallahu alehi
wasallam than those who do not mention it." This is the
opinion of Malik, ash-Shaf'i, and Ahmad.
Abu Hanifah is of the opinion that salatul Kasuf consists
of two rak'at, similar to salatul 'id and jumu'ah, based on
the hadith of An-Nu'man ibn Bashir who says: "The
Messenger of Allah sallallahu alehi wasallam prayed the
salatul kasuf with us like one of your prayers. He went into
ruku' and performed sajdah, praying two rak'at by two rak'at,
and supplicated to Allah until the sun reappeared clearly
again."
In the hadith from Qabsah al-Hillali, the Prophet said:
"If you see that [i.e., an eclipse], pray as you pray the
obligatory prayer." This is related by Ahmad and an-Nasa'i.
The reciting of al-Fatihah is obligatory in each rak'ah,
and one may recite whatever one wishes to, after Al-Fatihah.
It is allowed to make the recital audible or silent, but al-Bukhari
says: "Audible recital is more proper. "
The prayer of the lunar eclipse is similar to that of the
solar eclipse. Al-Hassan al-Basri reports: "There was a
solar eclipse and Ibn 'Abbas, the governor of Basra, went out
and prayed two rak'at with two ruku' in each rak'ah. Then, he
mounted his mount and said: 'I prayed as I have seen the
Prophet praying.'" This is related by ash-Shaf'i in his
Musnad.
Al-Bukhari and Muslim record from 'Aishah that the
Messenger of Allah said: "The sun and the moon are two
signs from among Allah's signs and there is no eclipse due to
the life or death of anyone. If you see that [an eclipse]
supplicate to Allah, extol His greatness, give charity and
pray." They also record from Abu Musa that there was a
solar eclipse and the Prophet said: "If you see something
of this nature, rush to the remembrance of Allah, supplicating
Him and asking His forgiveness."
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