Whoever has some excuse due to illness and cannot stand during
the fard salah is allowed to pray sitting. If he cannot pray
in a sitting posture, he may pray while on his side by making
gestures. In such a case, his gestures for sajdah should be
lower than those for his ruku'. This principle is based on
Allah's words: "...And celebrate Allah's praises,
standing, sitting, and lying on your sides."
'Imran ibn Hussain says: "I had piles [hemorrhoids],
so I asked the Prophet about the prayer and he said: 'Offer
the salah while standing and if you cannot do so, pray while
sitting, and if you can't do that, then make salah while Iying
on your side."' This is related by the group, except for
Muslim. An-Nasa'i adds: "And if you cannot offer salah
while lying on your side, then do it while lying on your back.
Allah does not burden a soul, save with what it can
bear."
Jabir reports: "The Messenger of Allah visited a sick
person and found him praying on a cushion. The Prophet pushed
it aside and said: "Pray on the ground if you can, and if
you cannot, then pray by making gestures, and make your sajdah
lower than your ruku'.'" This is related by alBaihaqi .
What is meant by inability is that the person if he prays
[in the regular way], will suffer hardship, or his disease
will aggravate, or his recovery would be hampered, or he will
swoon if he prays in the customary manner. One should sit
cross-legged while praying in a sitting position.
'Aishah narrates that she saw the Prophet sallallahu alehi
wasallam sitting cross-legged while praying. This is related
by an-Nasa'i and al-Hakim says it is sahih.: It is also
permissible to sit in the manner that one sits while
performing the tashahud
One who can offer the salah neither sitting nor standing is
to lie down on his side, and if he cannot do that, he is to
lie down on his back with his legs toward the qiblah according
to his state of health. Ibn al-Munzhir prefers this opinion.
On this point, there is a weak hadith reported by 'Ali which
states that the Prophet said: "The sick person is to pray
standing if he is able. If he cannot do so, he should pray
sitting. If he is not able to make the sajdah, he should nod
with his head and make the nod of his sajjud lower than that
of his ruku'. If he cannot pray in a sitting posture, he
should pray while lying down on his right side facing the
qiblah. If one cannot pray on his right side, he should pray
while lying on his back with his legs stretched out toward the
qiblah." This is related by ad-Daraqutni. Some scholars
maintain that one can pray in whatever manner is easy for him.
It is apparent from the hadith that if one can only nod while
lying on his back, then nothing else is obligatory upon him.
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