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15. Surah Al-Hijr سورة الحجر

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This Surah (Revealed) Meccan, consisting of 99 verses.(Al-Hijr )
 
Ayah  15:1  الأية
بِسْم ِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Ayah First  1  الأية
Tafseer
 
Alif lām rāâ: God knows best what He means by these [letters]. Those â these verses â are the verses of the Book, the Qurâān (āyātuâl-kitābi: this annexation functions in the sense of min, âfromâ) and of a manifest Qurâān, one that makes evident what is truth and what is falsehood (wa-qurâānin mubīnin is [made up of] a supplement with an added adjectival qualification).
 
Ayah  15:2  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
It may be that (read rubbamā or rubamā) those who disbelieve, on the Day of Resurrection, when they witness their predicament and that of the Muslims, will wish that they had been muslims (rubba here is used to indicate âmanyâ, since many of them will wish this; but it is also said to indicate âfewâ, since they will be so stupefied by the terrors that they will not come out of their stupor to wish such a thing, except on a few occasions:
 
Ayah  15:3  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
270 Leave them, the disbelievers, O Muhammad (s), to eat and to enjoy, this world of theirs, and that they be diverted, distracted, by hope, of a long life and other [such] matters, [that keep them] away from faith, for they will come to know, the sequel of their affair â this was [revealed] before the command to fight [them].
 
Ayah  15:4  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We did not destroy any town (min qaryatin: min is extra), meaning, its inhabitants, but that it had a known decree, a [pre-]determined term, after which it would be destroyed.
 
Ayah  15:5  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
No community (min ummatin: min is extra) can outstrip its [predetermined] term nor can they [seek to] delay it, [nor can they] put it off.
 
Ayah  15:6  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And they, that is, the disbelievers of Mecca, say, to the Prophet (s): âO you, to whom the Remembrance, the Qurâān â as you claim â has been revealed, lo! you are indeed possessed!
 
Ayah  15:7  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Why do you not bring us the angels, if you are of the truthful?â, in saying that you are a prophet and that this Qurâān is from God.
 
Ayah  15:8  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
God, exalted be He, says: The angels do not descend (tanazzalu: one of the two tāâ letters [of tatanazzalu] has been omitted) save with the truth, with the chastisement; and then, that is, upon the descent of the angels with the chastisement, they [the disbelievers] would not be reprieved, [would not] be granted respite.
 
Ayah  15:9  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Verily it is We (nahnu emphasises the subject of inna, or [functions as] a separating pronoun) Who have revealed the Remembrance, the Qurâān, and assuredly We will preserve it, against substitution, distortion, additions and omissions.
 
Ayah  15:10  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily We sent before you, messengers, to former factions, sects.
 
Ayah  15:11  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And never did a messenger come to them but that they mocked him, in the same way that your people have mocked you â this is meant to comfort the Prophet (s).
 
Ayah  15:12  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Thus We cause it to find its way, in other words, in the same way that We have caused denial to enter the hearts of those [individuals], We cause it to enter, into the hearts of the sinners, that is, the disbelievers of Mecca.
 
Ayah  15:13  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They do not believe in him, in the Prophet (s), even though the example of the men of old has already gone 271 before, that is, the way of God [in dealing] with them [those of old], by chastising them for denying [the truthfulness of] their prophets: those [Meccans] are like these former.
 
Ayah  15:14  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And even if We were to open for them a gate from the heaven, and they were to continue ascending through it, the gate,
 
Ayah  15:15  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
they would say, âIt is merely that our eyes have been dazzled, they have been shut. Nay, we are a folk bewitched!â, imagining this.
 
Ayah  15:16  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily We have placed in the heaven constellations, twelve [of them]: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo (al-sunbula), Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces, which are the mansions of the seven orbiting planets: Mars rules Aries and Scorpio, Venus: Taurus and Libra, Mercury: Gemini and Virgo, the Moon: Cancer, the Sun: Leo, Jupiter: Sagittarius and Pisces, and Saturn: Capricorn and Aquarius; and We have adorned it, with [these] planets, for beholders;
 
Ayah  15:17  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and We have guarded them, with meteors, from every outcast devil;
 
Ayah  15:18  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
except the one who listens by stealth â he is pursued by a clear flame, a shining meteor that burns him, or pierces him or drives him insane.
 
Ayah  15:19  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And the earth We have stretched it out, spread it flat, and cast therein firm mountains, lest it should sway beneath its inhabitants, and caused to grow therein every kind of balanced thing, [every kind of thing] known and determined.
 
Ayah  15:20  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We have made for you therein [means of] livelihood (read maâāyish), such as fruits and grains, and, We have made [this] for you, those for whom you do not provide, such as servants, [crawling] creatures and cattle; it is God Who provides for them.
 
Ayah  15:21  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And there is not a thing but that the stores thereof, the keys to its stores, are with Us, and We do not send it down except in a known measure, according to the benefits [of all creatures].
 
Ayah  15:22  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We send the winds as fertilisers, to fertilise the clouds, whereupon they fill up with water, and send down out of the heaven, [out of] the clouds, water, rain, so that We give it to you to drink, for you are not the storers thereof, that is, the stores thereof are not in your control.
 
Ayah  15:23  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Indeed it is We Who give life and bring death, and We are the heirs, Who shall endure, inheriting all 272 creation.
 
Ayah  15:24  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily We know the predecessors among you, that is, those creatures from Adam who have already passed, and verily We know the successors, those who will come afterwards, until the Day of Resurrection.
 
Ayah  15:25  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And it is indeed your Lord Who will gather them, lo! He is Wise, in His actions, Knower, of His creatures.
 
Ayah  15:26  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily We created man, Adam, out of a dry [clinking] clay, that gives off a clinking sound when it is tapped, of malleable mud, black [mud].
 
Ayah  15:27  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And the jānn, the father of the jinn, namely, Iblīs, We created beforehand â that is, before the creation of Adam â out of the permeative fire, a smokeless fire that can escape through openings.
 
Ayah  15:28  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And, mention, when your Lord said to the angels, âIndeed I am going to create a mortal out of a dry clay [drawn] from a malleable mud.
 
Ayah  15:29  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So, when I have proportioned him, completed him, and breathed, caused to flow, of My Spirit in him, so that he becomes a living thing â the annexation of âthe Spiritâ to him is a conferring of honour upon Adam â fall down in prostration before him!â, a prostration [meant as an act] of salutation by bowing.
 
Ayah  15:30  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And so the angels prostrated, all of them together (kulluhum ajmaâūn contains two elements of emphasis),
 
Ayah  15:31  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
except Iblīs, the father of the jinn â he was [standing] among the angels: he refused to be among those prostrating.
 
Ayah  15:32  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He, [God] exalted be He: âO Iblīs what is wrong with you, what prevents you, that you are not among those prostrating?â
 
Ayah  15:33  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Said he, âI was not about to prostrate myself, I should not prostrate myself, before a mortal whom You have created out of a dry clay [drawn] from malleable mudâ.
 
Ayah  15:34  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Said He, âThen be gone from hence, that is, from the Garden â but it is also said, from the heavens â for you are indeed accursed, outcast. 273
 
Ayah  15:35  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And indeed the curse shall rest upon you until the Day of Judgementâ, [the Day] of Requital.
 
Ayah  15:36  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Said he, âMy Lord! Reprieve me until the day when they, mankind, shall be resurrectedâ.
 
Ayah  15:37  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Said He, âThen lo! you are of those reprieved,
 
Ayah  15:38  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
until the day of the known timeâ, the time of [the blowing of] the First Trumpet.
 
Ayah  15:39  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Said he, âMy Lord, because You have lead me astray (bi-mā, âbecauseâ, the bi- is for oaths, the response for which is [what follows]) I shall adorn for them [evil acts], acts of disobedience, in the earth and I shall lead them astray, all of them;
 
Ayah  15:40  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
except those servants of Yours who are sincerely devoted [to You]â, namely, believers.
 
Ayah  15:41  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He, [God] exalted be He, said, âThis is a straight path [leading] to Me,
 
Ayah  15:42  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
in other words, truly over My servants, that is, believers, you shall have no warrant, [no] power, except those who follow you from among the perverse, the disbelievers.
 
Ayah  15:43  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And truly Hell shall be their tryst, all of them, that is, all those who follow you, shall be with you [in Hell].
 
Ayah  15:44  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
It has seven gates, [seven] layers â to each gate, therein, belongs an appointed portion, lot, of them.
 
Ayah  15:45  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Truly the God-fearing shall be amidst gardens, orchards, and springsâ, flowing through them.
 
Ayah  15:46  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And it shall be said to them: âEnter them in peace, that is, safe from all danger â or [it means enter] with [the greeting of] âPeace!â, in other words: say, âPeaceâ and then enter, secure!â, from all terror.
 
Ayah  15:47  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We remove whatever rancour, spite, may be in their breasts. As brethren (ikhwānan is a circumstantial qualifier referring to them), [they shall recline] upon couches, facing one another (mutaqābilīn is also a 274 circumstantial qualifier), in other words, they do not look upon each otherâs backs, because the couches revolve with them in them.
 
Ayah  15:48  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
No toil, [no] weariness, will touch them, nor will they be expelled from thence, ever.
 
Ayah  15:49  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Tell, inform, O Muhammad (s), My servants that verily I am the Forgiving, of believers, the Merciful, to them,
 
Ayah  15:50  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and that My chastisement, of those who are disobedient, is the painful chastisement.
 
Ayah  15:51  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And tell them of the guests of Abraham, that is, the angels â there were twelve, ten or three of them, among them Gabriel;
 
Ayah  15:52  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
[how] when they entered unto him, and said, âPeace!â, that is, [they said] this very word (salām). He, Abraham, said, after having offered them food which they did not eat: âLo! we are afraid of youâ.
 
Ayah  15:53  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They said, âDo not be afraid; lo!, we, are the messengers of your Lord [sent to], give you good tidings of a knowledgeable boyâ, one very knowledgeable [boy], namely, Isaac â as we mentioned in sūrat Hūd [Q. 11:69].
 
Ayah  15:54  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He said, âDo you give me good tidings, of a boy, when old age has befallen me?â (âalā an massaniya l-kibaru is a circumstantial qualifier), in other words, despite the fact of its having befallen me? So, of what, thing, do you give me good tidings?â (an interrogative meant to indicate amazement).
 
Ayah  15:55  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They said, âWe give you good tidings in truth, sincerely; so do not be of the despairingâ, the despondent.
 
Ayah  15:56  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He said, âAnd who â in other words, no one â despairs (read yaqnitu or yaqnatu) of the mercy of his Lord, save those who are astray?â, [save] disbelievers.
 
Ayah  15:57  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He said, âSo what is your business, O you who have been sent [by God]?â
 
Ayah  15:58  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They said, âWe have been sent to a sinning folk, a disbelieving [folk], namely, the people of Lot, in order to destroy them; 275
 
Ayah  15:59  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
[all] except the family of Lot; indeed we shall save them, all of them, because of their faith,
 
Ayah  15:60  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
except his wife â We have decreed that she indeed should be of those who will remain behindâ, [of] those who will stay behind in the chastisement, because of her unbelief.
 
Ayah  15:61  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And when those who had been sent [by God] came to the family of Lot, that is, to Lot [himself],
 
Ayah  15:62  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
he said, to them, âIndeed you are strangersâ, that is, I do not know you.
 
Ayah  15:63  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They said, âRather, we have come to you because of that which they, your people, used to doubt, namely, the chastisement.
 
Ayah  15:64  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And we have brought you the Truth and indeed we speak truthfully, in what we say.
 
Ayah  15:65  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So travel with your family in a portion of the night and follow their rear, walk behind them; and let none of you turn round, lest he see the dreadful nature of that [punishment] which will be sent down on them, and go whither you are commandedâ, namely, [to] Syria.
 
Ayah  15:66  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We conveyed, We revealed, to him the matter, which was, that these [sinners] was to be eradicated by morning (musbihīn is a circumstantial qualifier,), in other words, their annihilation will take place in the morning.
 
Ayah  15:67  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And then came the people of the city, the city of Sodom, that is, the people of Lot, upon being told that there were handsome clean-shaven individuals â namely, the angels â in the house of Lot, rejoicing (yastabshirūn is a circumstantial qualifier), desiring to commit an abomination with them.
 
Ayah  15:68  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He, Lot, said, âLo! these are my guests, so do not disgrace me;
 
Ayah  15:69  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and fear God, and do not humiliate meâ, by seeking them to commit an abomination with them.
 
Ayah  15:70  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They said, âHave we not forbidden you from [entertaining] anyone?â, from offering them hospitality? 276
 
Ayah  15:71  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He said, âThese here are my daughters, if you must be doingâ, what you desire [to do] in the way of satisfying your lust, then marry them. God, exalted be He, says:
 
Ayah  15:72  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
By your life â this is an address to the Prophet (s) â in their drunkenness they were bewildered, hesitant.
 
Ayah  15:73  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then the Cry, the Cry of Gabriel, seized them at sunrise.
 
Ayah  15:74  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We made their, that is, their citiesâ, topmost part their nethermost, by Gabrielâs raising them [the cities] to the heaven and dropping them face down onto the earth, and We rained on them stones of baked clay, clay baked in fire.
 
Ayah  15:75  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Indeed in that, which is mentioned, there are signs, indications of Godâs Oneness, for those who take note, [those who] observe and take heed.
 
Ayah  15:76  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And indeed they, that is, the cities of the people of Lot, are on a road that [still] remains, Qurayshâs route to Syria, [one] not yet effaced: so why do they not take heed from their example?
 
Ayah  15:77  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
There is indeed a sign, a lesson, in that for believers.
 
Ayah  15:78  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And certainly (in has been softened, in other words [understand it as being] innahu) the dwellers in the wood, a huddle of trees near Midian â these were the people of [the prophet] Shuâayb â were evildoers, for denying Shuâayb.
 
Ayah  15:79  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So We exacted retribution from them, by destroying them through extreme heat. And certainly both of them, that is, the cities of the people of Lot and those of [the dwellers in] the wood, are upon a open road, plain [to see]: so will you not take heed from their example, O people of Mecca?
 
Ayah  15:80  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily the dwellers in al-Hijr â a valley between Medina and Syria â namely, [the tribe of] Thamūd, denied those who had been sent [by God], when they denied [the prophet] Sālih, as this constituted a denial of the other messengers, since they all shared the fact that they came with [the Message proclaiming] the Oneness of God.
 
Ayah  15:81  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We brought them Our signs, by way of the she-camel [of Sālih], but they were averse [to them], refusing to reflect on them. 277
 
Ayah  15:82  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And they used to hew out dwellings from the mountains, feeling secure.
 
Ayah  15:83  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
But the Cry seized them in the morning.
 
Ayah  15:84  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And so that which they used to count as gain, in the way of building fortresses and amassing riches, did not avail, [did not] protect, them, from the chastisement.
 
Ayah  15:85  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
We did not create the heavens and the earth and all that is between them save with the Truth. And truly the Hour shall come, without doubt, whereupon every person will be requited according to his deeds. So be forgiving, O Muhammad (s), to your people, with gracious forgiveness: turn away from them without [any feeling of] anxiety â this was abrogated by the âswordâ verse [Q. 9:5].
 
Ayah  15:86  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Truly your Lord, He is the Creator, of everything, the Knowing, of everything.
 
Ayah  15:87  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily We have given you seven of the oft-repeated [verses] â the Prophet (s) said that this meant [sūrat] al-Fātiha, as reported by the two Shaykhs [Bukhārī and Muslim], since it is repeated in every unit of prayer (rakâa) â and the great Qurâān.
 
Ayah  15:88  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Do not extend your glance toward that which We have given different groups of them to enjoy, and do not grieve for them, should they not believe, and lower your wing, temper your nature, for the believers.
 
Ayah  15:89  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And say: âIndeed, I am the warner, of Godâs chastisement, lest it be sent down on you, the clear [warner], clear in [his] warning.
 
Ayah  15:90  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Even as We sent down, chastisement, on those who make division, the Jews and the Christians,
 
Ayah  15:91  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
those who have reduced the Recitation, namely, those scriptures revealed to them, to parts, believing in some and disbelieving in others. It is [alternatively] said that the individuals meant here were those who âdivided upâ among themselves the roads to Mecca, barring people from Islam. Some of them said that the Qurâān was sorcery, some that it was soothsaying, and others that it was poetry.
 
Ayah  15:92  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
By your Lord, We shall question them all â a questioning involving rebuke â 278
 
Ayah  15:93  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
about what they used to do.
 
Ayah  15:94  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So proclaim, O Muhammad (s), what you have been commanded, to [proclaim], in other words, declare it openly and carry it out, and turn away from the idolaters â this was [revealed] before the command to struggle [against the idolaters].
 
Ayah  15:95  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Indeed We have sufficed you against the mockers, [who mocked] you, by Our having destroyed each one of them through some harm, and these were: al-Walīd b. al-Mughīra, al-âĀsī b. Wāâil, âUdayy b. Qays, al-Aswad b. al-Muttalib and al-Aswad b. âAbd Yaghūth,
 
Ayah  15:96  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
those [mockers] who set up besides God another god: (this [entire clause] is an adjectival qualification; but it is also said to be the subject, and because there is an implicit conditional meaning [in the abovementioned clause], the [particle] fāâ has been inserted into the predicate, which is [the following]) soon they will know, the sequel of their affair.
 
Ayah  15:97  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily (wa-laqad is for confirmation) We know that your breast is [at times] oppressed by what they say, in the way of mockery and denial.
 
Ayah  15:98  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So glorify, intimately [repeating], the praise of your Lord, in other words, say subhānaâLlāhi wa-bi-hamdihi â and be of those who prostrate themselves, those who pray;
 
Ayah  15:99  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and worship your Lord until Certainty â Death â comes to you.





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