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44. Surah Ad-Dukhân سورة الدّخان

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This Surah (Revealed) Meccan, except for verse 15; it consists of 56, 57 or 59 verses.(Ad-Dukhân)
 
Ayah  44:1  الأية
بِسْم ِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Ayah First  1  الأية
Tafseer
 
Hā mīm: God knows best what He means by these [letters].
 
Ayah  44:2  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
By the Book, the Qurâān, that clarifies, the one that distinguishes what is lawful from what is unlawful.
 
Ayah  44:3  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Indeed We revealed it on a blessed night, the Night of Ordainment (laylat al-qadr), or the eve of the middle 579 of Shaâbān, in which it was revealed from the Mother Book, from the seventh heaven to the heaven of this world. Indeed We have been warning, We have been causing [people] by it to have fear [of God].
 
Ayah  44:4  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
In it, that is to say, on the Night of Ordainment, or on the eve of the middle of Shaâbān, every definitive matter, that has been fixed, with regard to the provisions and the terms of life and other things [decreed by God] for the entire year until that same night again [the following year], is distinguished, is decided.
 
Ayah  44:5  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
As an ordinance, a distinguishing, from Us. Indeed We have been sending from your Lord, messengers, [such as] Muhammad (s) and those before him,
 
Ayah  44:6  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
as a mercy, out of compassion for those to whom these [messengers] have been sent. Surely He is the Hearer, of their sayings, the Knower, of their actions.
 
Ayah  44:7  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Lord of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them (read rabbuâl-samāwāti, in the nominative [to understand it] as a third predicate; or read rabbiâl-samāwāti as a substitution for rabbika, âyour Lordâ), if you should be certain, O people of Mecca, that God, exalted be He, is the Lord of the heavens and the earth, then also be certain that Muhammad (s) is His Messenger.
 
Ayah  44:8  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
There is no god except Him. He gives life and brings death. Your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers.
 
Ayah  44:9  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Nay, but they linger in doubt, concerning the Resurrection, playing, in mockery of you, O Muhammad (s), and so he said, âMy God, assist me against them with seven [years of drought] like the seven of Josephâ.
 
Ayah  44:10  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
God, exalted be He, says: So watch out for the day when the heaven will produce a visible smoke. Thus the earth became barren and famine became so severe that they began to see what looked like smoke rising between the heaven and the earth,
 
Ayah  44:11  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
that will envelop the people, and so they said: âThis is a painful chastisement!
 
Ayah  44:12  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Our Lord, relieve us from the chastisement; indeed we have believedâ, we have [now] affirmed the sincerity of Your Prophet.
 
Ayah  44:13  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
God, exalted be He, says: How can there be a reminder for them, that is to say, faith will not benefit them once the chastisement has been sent down, when already there has come to them a manifest Messenger, whose Message is plain [to understand], 580
 
Ayah  44:14  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
but they turned away from him and said, âHe has been taught â that is, a human being is teaching him the Qurâān â [he is] a madman!â
 
Ayah  44:15  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
âIndeed We will remove the chastisement, the famine from you [for], a little, time; and so it was removed from them. [But] you will indeed revert!â, to your disbelief â and they did.
 
Ayah  44:16  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Mention, the day when We shall assault with the most mighty assault â this was the day of [the battle of] Badr â [then] indeed We shall take vengeance, on them (al-batsh, means âto seize violentlyâ).
 
Ayah  44:17  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And certainly We tried, We tested, before them the people of Pharaoh, together with him, when a messenger came to them, namely, Moses, peace be upon him, who was honoured, before God, exalted be He,
 
Ayah  44:18  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
[saying], âGive over to me, what I summon you to in the way of faith, that is, manifest your faith to me, O, servants of God; indeed I am for you a messenger [who is] faithfulâ, in what he has been sent with,
 
Ayah  44:19  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and, âDo not rebel, [do not] try to act strong, against God, by neglecting obedience to Him. Lo! I bring you a clear warrantâ, [clear] proof of [the sincerity of] my Mission â but they threatened to stone him to death.
 
Ayah  44:20  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So he said, âAnd truly I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord, lest you should stone me, [to death] with rocks.
 
Ayah  44:21  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And if you do not believe me, then stay away from meâ, [that is] then refrain from harming me â but they did not refrain from such [action].
 
Ayah  44:22  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So he called to his Lord, saying, âThese are indeed a guilty, an idolatrous, lot!â
 
Ayah  44:23  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
God, exalted be He, said: âThen set out (read fa-asri or faâsri) with My servants, the Children of Israel, by night; for you will assuredly be pursued, [surely] Pharaoh and his people will pursue you.
 
Ayah  44:24  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And leave the sea behind, once you and your companions have crossed it, at rest, still and calm, until the Egyptians enter it: indeed they will be a drowned hostâ â he [Moses] was reassured by this [statement] â and they were [indeed] drowned. 581
 
Ayah  44:25  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
How many gardens, orchards, and, flowing, fountains did they leave behind,
 
Ayah  44:26  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
as well as sown fields and many a glorious residence, [many] a splendid court,
 
Ayah  44:27  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and the bounty, the comforts, in which they rejoiced!, [in which] they lived luxuriously.
 
Ayah  44:28  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So [it was] (kadhālika is the predicate of a subject [that is missing], such as âthe matter was [so]â) and We made these an inheritance, that is to say, their riches, for another people, namely, the Children of Israel.
 
Ayah  44:29  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So neither the heaven nor the earth wept for them â in contrast to the [case with] believers, at the point of whose death weep both their places of prayer on earth and the route by which their deeds ascend the heaven; nor were they reprieved, [nor] were they deferred [until they were able] to make repentance.
 
Ayah  44:30  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily We delivered the Children of Israel from the humiliating chastisement, of having their children slain and their womenfolk taken as servants,
 
Ayah  44:31  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
from Pharaoh (min Firâawna, is said to be a substitution for al-âadhābi, on the basis of an implied annexation, that is to say, [min] âadhābi [Firâawna]; or it is said to be a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-âadhāb, âthe chastisementâ). Truly he was a tyrant of the wanton ones.
 
Ayah  44:32  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily We chose them, that is, the Children of Israel, with a knowledge, that We had of their state, over [all] the worlds, that is, the worlds of their time, [those of] the rational beings.
 
Ayah  44:33  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We gave them signs in which there was a manifest trial, an obvious grace, such as the parting of the sea, [the sending down of] manna and quails and other such [signs].
 
Ayah  44:34  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Indeed these ones, that is, the Meccan disbelievers, say,
 
Ayah  44:35  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
âIt, that death after which there is life, is nothing more than our first death, that is, when they were spermdrops, and we shall not be resurrected, [we shall not be] raised alive after the second one.
 
Ayah  44:36  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Bring us then our fathers, alive, if you are being truthfulâ, about our being resurrected after we have died, 582 that is to say, that we will be given life [again].
 
Ayah  44:37  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
God, exalted be He, says: Are they better, or the people of Tubbaâ â [he was] a prophet or a righteous man â and those, communities, before them? We destroyed, because of their disbelief. In other words: they are not mightier than those, and yet they were destroyed; indeed they were criminals.
 
Ayah  44:38  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We did not create the heavens and the earth and all that is between them, [intending] to play, by creating all that (lāâibīna, âto playâ, is a circumstantial qualifier).
 
Ayah  44:39  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
We did not create them, and all that is between them, except with the truth, that is to say, [We created them] rightfully so that one might infer thereby Our power and Our Oneness and other matters; but most of them, that is, the Meccan disbelievers, do not know.
 
Ayah  44:40  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Assuredly the Day of Decision, the Day of Resurrection, in which God will decide between servants, will be the tryst for all of them, for everlasting chastisement;
 
Ayah  44:41  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
the day when a friend will not avail a friend, on account of kinship or friendship, that is to say, [the day when] he will not [be able to] ward off from the other, anything, of the chastisement, nor will they be helped â [nor will they] be protected from it (yawma, âthe dayâ, is a substitution for yawmaâl-fasl, âthe Day of Decisionâ),
 
Ayah  44:42  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
except for him on whom God has mercy â and these are the believers, for they will intercede for one another with Godâs permission. He is indeed the Mighty, the Victor in His retribution of the disbelievers, the Merciful, to believers.
 
Ayah  44:43  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Lo! the tree of Zaqqūm, one of the vilest of the bitter trees of the Tihāma region: God, exalted be He, will make it grow forth in the Hell-fire,
 
Ayah  44:44  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
will be the food of the sinful, Abū Jahl and his companions, the gravest of sinners.
 
Ayah  44:45  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Like molten copper, that is to say, like the dregs of black oil (kaâl-muhli, is the second predicate) it will boil inside the bellies ([if] read taghlī, then it is a third predicate; [if] yaghlī, then it is a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-muhl, âmolten copperâ),
 
Ayah  44:46  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
as the boiling of boiling water, [hamīm means] water of the most extreme temperature. 583
 
Ayah  44:47  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
âSeize him, it will be said to the Zabāniya [the Guards of Hell], âseize the sinnerâ, and drag him (read faâtilūhu or faâtulūhu), haul him away violently and brutally, to the midst of Hell-fire, [al-jahīm means] the centre of the Fire.
 
Ayah  44:48  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then pour over his head the torture of boiling water!â, that is to say, the boiling water which is evertorturous (this [use of âthe torture of boiling waterâ] is rhetorically more intense than what is stated by the verse: boiling water will be poured over their heads [Q. 22:19]).
 
Ayah  44:49  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And it will be said to him: âTaste!, that is, [taste] the chastisement. Indeed you are the mighty, the noble one!, as you claimed when you used to say, âThere is nothing between its two mountains [sc. Mecca] that is mightier or nobler than me!â
 
Ayah  44:50  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And it will be said to them: This, that you see of the chastisement, is indeed that which you used to doubtâ, about which you used to be uncertain.
 
Ayah  44:51  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Assuredly the God-fearing will be in a secure place, a seat in which there will be security from [all] fear,
 
Ayah  44:52  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
amid gardens, orchards, and springs,
 
Ayah  44:53  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
dressed in fine silk and [heavy] silk brocade, that is to say, in fine and thick silks (sundusin waâstabraqin, respectively), sitting face to face (mutaqābilīna is a circumstantial qualifier), that is to say, they do not look upon each other backs, since the couches revolve with them in them.
 
Ayah  44:54  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So [shall it be] (an implied al-amru, âthe matterâ, should be read as preceding this); and We shall pair them, either in conjugality or [meaning] We shall join them, with houris of beautiful eyes, women of the fairest complexion with wide and beautiful eyes.
 
Ayah  44:55  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They will call, they will request from servants, therein, that is, in Paradise, to bring, every fruit, thereof, [remaining] secure, [in their knowledge] that it will not come to an end or cause harm and [secure] from all danger (āminīna, âsecureâ, is a circumstantial qualifierâ).
 
Ayah  44:56  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They will not taste death therein, other than the first death, namely, the one [that came] in this world after they had lived in it (some [scholars] think that illā, âother thanâ, here means baâda, âafterâ). And He will shield them from the chastisement of Hell-fire â
 
Ayah  44:57  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
584 a bounty from your Lord (fadlan is a verbal noun, with the sense of tafaddulan, and is in the accusative [dependent status] because of an implied [preceding] tafaddala). That is the supreme triumph.
 
Ayah  44:58  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
For We have made it easy, We have facilitated the Qurâān, in your tongue, in your language, so that the Arabs may understand it from you, that perhaps they may remember, [that perhaps] they may be admonished and become believers â but they do not believe.
 
Ayah  44:59  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So be on the look out, await their destruction. Indeed they [too] are on the look out, for your death â this was before the revelation of the command to struggle against them.





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