| This Surah (Revealed) Meccan, consisting of 30 verses.(Al-Fajr)
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| بِسْم ِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ | |
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Tafseer
By the dawn, that is to say, [by] the dawn of each day,
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Tafseer
and [by] the ten nights, the [first] ten nights of Dhūâl-Hijja,
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Tafseer
and [by] the even, the pair, and the odd (read watr or witr, two [alternative]
forms), the single,
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Tafseer
and [by] the night in motion, falling or receding:
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Tafseer
Is there in that, oath, an oath for one of sense?, [one of] intellect (the
response to the oath has been omitted, that is to say, [it is to be understood as something like],
la-tuâadhdhabunna yā kuffāra Makka, âyou will assuredly be chastised O disbelievers of Mecca!â). 745
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Tafseer
Have you not seen, [do you not] know O Muhammad (s), how your Lord dealt with
âĀd,
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Tafseer
Iram â these were the former [people of] âĀd (Irama is an explicative supplement
or a substitution, and it is treated as a diptote because it is a proper noun and feminine) â of the towering
ones, that is to say, the tall ones â the tallest one among them would reach four hundred cubits â
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Tafseer
the like of which was not created in the land, in terms of their power of
assault and strength,
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Tafseer
and Thamūd, who hollowed, hewed, the rocks (sakhr is the plural of sakhra) in
the valley, the Wādī al-Qurā, [rocks] which they used as dwellings,
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and Pharaoh, the one of the tent-pegs: he used to fasten four pegs and tie to
these the hands and feet of those whom he tortured â
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those who were rebellious, became tyrannical, in the land,
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and caused much corruption therein?, [by way of] slaying and otherwise.
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Tafseer
So your Lord poured on them a scourge of chastisement.
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Tafseer
Assuredly your Lord is ever on the watch, watching over the deeds of servants,
nothing of which escapes Him, that He may then requite them for these [deeds].
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Tafseer
And as for man, the disbeliever, whenever his Lord tests him and honours him,
with wealth and other things, and is gracious to him, he says, âMy Lord has honoured meâ.
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Tafseer
But when he tests him and restricts his provision for him, he says, âMy Lord has
humiliated meâ.
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Tafseer
No indeed! â a disavowal [of this notion], in other words, honour is not about
wealth, nor is there any humiliation in poverty, rather it has to do with obedience and disobedience
[respectively]; but the disbelievers of Mecca unmindful of this. Rather they do not honour the orphan,
they do not treat him with 746 kindness, despite their wealth, or [it means that] they do not give him what is
his due from an inheritance,
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Tafseer
and they do not urge, neither themselves nor others, the feeding of the needy;
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Tafseer
and they devour inheritance (turāth means mīrāth) greedily (lamman), that is to
say, voraciously, when they appropriate (lammuhum) the womenâs and the young onesâ share of the inheritance
together with their own share of it, or to their own wealth;
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Tafseer
and they love wealth with abounding love, that is to say, greatly, and so they
do not expend [any] of it (a variant reading in the case of all four verbs has the second person plural).
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Tafseer
No indeed! â a deterrent for them from such [conduct]. When the earth is
pulverised repeatedly, when it is shaken until every edifice has collapsed and is destroyed,
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Tafseer
and your Lord, that is to say, His command, and the angels arrive rank on rank
(saffan saffan is a circumstantial qualifier, meaning âstanding in rowsâ or âmade up of many
ranksâ),
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Tafseer
and Hell on that day is brought [near], pulled by seventy thousand sets of
reins, each set of reins [pulled] by the hands of seventy thousand angels, as it groans and seethes in fury; on that
day (yawmaâidhin is a substitution for idhā, âwhenâ, the response to which is [the following]) man,
that is to say, the disbeliever, will remember, his prodigal conduct in it, but how will remembering avail him
[now]? (the interrogative is meant as a denial, in other words, his remembering that will not be of any use
to him).
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Tafseer
He will say, as he remembers: âO (yā is for calling attention to something)
would that I had sent ahead, good deeds and faith, for my life!â, [for] a good [life] in the Hereafter, or
[it means] âduring my lifeâ in the world.
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Tafseer
Then on that day none shall mete out (read yuâadhdhibu) His, Godâs,
chastisement, that is to say, He shall not delegate it to any other;
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and, likewise, none shall bind (read yūthiqu) His bind (a variant reading has
yuâadhdhabu, â[none] shall be chastisedâ, and yūthaqu, â[none] shall be boundâ, so that the [suffixed] pronoun
of âadhābahu and wathāqahu refers to the [chastisement and the binds of the] disbeliever, the
meaning then being, ânone shall be chastised as he shall, and none shall be bound as he shall [be
bound]â).
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âO soul at peace!, [the one] secure, namely, the believing one. 747
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Tafseer
Return â this is said to it upon death â to your Lord, that is to say, return to
His command and to His will, pleased, with the reward, pleasing, in Godâs sight with your deeds; in other
words [return O soul] combining both descriptions (both of which are circumstantial qualifiers). And it will be
said to it at the Resurrection:
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