This Surah (Revealed) Meccan, except for verse 45, which is Medinese; it consists of 83 verses,
revealed after [sūrat] al-Jinn.(Yâ-Sân)
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| بِسْم ِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ | Ayah First 1 الأية الأولي |
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Yā sīn: God knows best what He means by these [letters].
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By the Definitive Qurâān, made definitive by its marvellous arrangement and
unique meanings,
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you, O Muhammad (s), are indeed of those sent [by God],
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on a (âalā is semantically connected to the preceding [statement]) straight
path, that is, [you follow] the way of the prophets before you, [enjoining] the affirmation of Godâs Oneness and
guidance (the emphasis 501 expressed by the oath [in âby the definitive Qurâānâ] and the remainder [of the
statement] is a response to the disbelieversâ saying to him, âYou have not been sent [by God]!â [Q. 13:43].
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A revelation from the Mighty, in His kingdom, the Merciful, to His creatures
(tanzīlaâl-âazīziâl-rahīm is the predicate of an implicit subject, namely, al-qurâān),
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that you may warn, therewith, a people (qawman, connected to tanzīla, âa
revelationâ) whose fathers were not warned, in the period of the interval (al-fatra), so they, this people, are
oblivious, to faith and right guidance.
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The word, for chastisement, has already proved true, it has become due, for most
of them, for they, in other words, most of them, will not believe.
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Indeed We have put fetters around their necks, to bind to them their hands
(because ghull [is a fetter that] shackles the hands to the neck), such that they, the hands, are, bound, up to
the chins (adhqān is the plural of dhaqan, which is where the two sides of the beard meet) so that their heads
are upturned, they are unable to lower them: this [statement] is figurative and is meant to indicate
their inability to yield to faith or to lower their heads to it.
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And We have set before them a barrier (read saddan or suddan in both instances)
and behind them a barrier; so We have covered them, so they do not see â this is also figurative,
depicting the way in which the paths of faith are closed to them.
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And it is the same to them whether you warn them (read a-andhartuhum,
pronouncing both hamzas; or by substituting an alif for the second one; or by not pronouncing the second one
but inserting an alif between the one not pronounced and the other one, or without [the insertion]) or do not
warn them, they will not believe.
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You can only warn, in other words, your warning will only benefit, him who
follows the Remembrance, the Qurâān, and fears the Compassionate One in secret, who fears Him despite not
having seen Him; so give him the good tidings of forgiveness and a noble reward, namely, Paradise.
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Truly it is We Who bring the dead to life, for the resurrection, and record, in
the Preserved Tablet, what they have sent ahead, during their lives, of good or evil, that they may be requited
for it, and their vestiges, what conduct was followed after them as good practice. And everything (kulla shayâin
is in the accusative because of the verb that governs it [and is the following]) We have numbered, We have
recorded precisely, in a clear register, a clear Book, namely, the Preserved Tablet.
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502 And strike for them as a similitude (mathalan is the first direct object) the
inhabitants (ashāba is the second direct object) of the town, [of] Antioch (Antākya), when the messengers, namely,
Jesusâs disciples, came to it (idh jāâahāâl-mursalūna is an inclusive substitution for ashābaâl-qaryati,
âthe inhabitants of the townâ).
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When We sent to them two men, and they denied them both (from idh arsalnā
ilayhim ithnayni fakadhdhabūhumā to the end is a substitution for the previous idh, âwhenâ), so We reinforced
[them] (read fa- âazaznā or fa-âazzaznā, in other words, We reinforced the two men) with a third,
and they said, âWe have indeed been sent to you [by God]â.
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They said, âYou are nothing but humans like us, and the Compassionate One has
revealed nothing. You are only lying!â
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They said, âOur Lord knows (qālū rabbunā yaâlamu functions like an oath.
Emphasis is intensified by this [oath] and also by the [addition of the] lām to what was before [simply,
mursalūna, âwe have been sentâ] to counter their intensified denial) that we have indeed been sent to you [by Him]!
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And our duty is only to communicate in clear termsâ, to deliver the Message
clearly and manifestly with plain proofs, such as the curing of the blind, the leper and the diseased and the
bringing of the dead back to life.
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They said, âWe augur ill of you, for we have been deprived of rain because of
you. If (la-in: the lām is for oaths) you do not desist, we will surely stone you and there shall befall you,
at our hands, a painful chastisementâ.
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They said, âMay your augury of ill be with you!, [as punishment] for your
disbelief. What! [Even] if (a-in: the interrogative hamza has been added to the conditional in, âifâ, the hamza may be
pronounced or elided, but in both cases add an alif between it and the other one) [it be that] you are
being reminded?, [even if] you are being admonished and made to fear [Godâs chastisement]? (the response to the
conditional has been omitted, that is to say, âdo you augur ill and disbelieve [even if it be that
you are being admonished]?â and this [response] constitutes the object of the interrogative, which is meant
[rhetorically] as a rebuke). Nay, but you are a profligate people!â, who transgressing the bounds [set by God]
with your [practice of] idolatry.
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And there came a man from the furthest part of the city â this was Habīb the
carpenter, who had believed in these messengers and whose house lay at the far end of the city â hastening,
with a hurried pace, after he had heard that the people had denied the messengers. He said, âO my people,
follow the messengers!
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Follow (ittabiâū, this reiterates the preceding [ittabiâū]) them who do not ask
you for any reward, in return for [delivering to you] the message, and who are rightly guided. And so he was
asked, âDo you follow their religion?â So he replied:
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503 And why should I not worship Him Who originated me, [Him Who] created me â in
other words: there is nothing to prevent me from worshipping Him when the necessitating factors for
this exist, and the same applies to you â and to Whom you shall be returned?, after death, whereupon He
will requite you for your disbelief.
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Shall I take (a-attakhidu: regarding the two hamzas here, the same applies as
mentioned with regard to aandhartuhum above; this is an interrogative meant as a denial) besides Him, in other words,
other than Him, [other] gods, idols, whose intercession, [that intercession of theirs] which you
assert, if the Compassionate One should wish me any harm, will not avail me in any way, nor will they [be
able to] save me? (wa-lā yunqidhūn is an adjectival qualification of ālihatan, âgodsâ).
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Truly then, in other words, in the case of me worshipping [gods] other than God,
I would be in manifest error.
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Lo! I believe in your Lord. So listen to me!â, in other words, hear what I have
to say; but they stoned him and he died.
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It was said, to him upon his death: âEnter Paradise!â â but it is also said that
he entered it while he was [still] alive. He said, âO (yā is for calling attention [to something]), would
that my people knew
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with what [munificence] my Lord has forgiven me, [would that they knew] of His
great forgiveness, and made me of the honoured ones!â
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And We did not send (mā here is for negation) down on his people, namely,
Habībâs, after him, after his death, any host from the heaven, that is, any angels to destroy them, nor do We
[ever] send down, any angels to destroy anyone.
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