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73. Surah Al-Muzzammil سورة المزّمّل

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This Surah (Revealed) Meccan, except for verse 20, which is Medinese; it consists of 20 verses.(Al-Muzzammil)
 
Ayah   73:1   الأية الأولي
بِسْم ِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Ayah First   1   الأية الأولي
Tafseer
 
O you enwrapped in your garment!, the Prophet (al-muzzammil is actually al-mutazammil, but the tāâ has been assimilated with the zāy), that is to say, the one who wraps himself up in his clothes when the Revelation [Gabriel] comes to him, in fear of him because of his awe-inspiring presence.
 
Ayah   73:2   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Stand vigil, perform prayer, through the night, except a little,
 
Ayah   73:3   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
a half of it (nisfahu substitutes for qalīlan, with âlittleâ [being little by] taking into account the whole [night]), or reduce of it, of the half, a little, up to a third,
 
Ayah   73:4   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
698 or add to it, up to two thirds (aw implies [free] choice), and recite the Qurâān, recite it carefully, in a measured tone.
 
Ayah   73:5   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Verily [soon] We shall cast on you a weighty, an awe-inspiring or stern, word, [a weighty] Qurâān, because of the prescriptions [imposed] in it.
 
Ayah   73:6   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Assuredly rising in the night, to wake up after [having been in] sleep, is firmer in tread, [more] conducive to [establishing] harmony between the hearing and the heart for the purpose of comprehending the Qurâān, and more upright in respect to speech, clearer for utterance [of devotions].
 
Ayah   73:7   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
[For] assuredly during the day you have extended engagements, administering your affairs, and you do not have the time to recite Qurâān.
 
Ayah   73:8   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And mention the Name of your Lord, that is, say, biâsmiâLlāhiâl-rahmāniâl-rahīm, âIn the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Mercifulâ, to begin your recitation, and devote yourself [exclusively] to Him with complete devotion (tabtīlan is the verbal noun from batala, used here [instead of tabattulan] in order to concord with the end-rhyme of the verses) for he [the Prophet] is obliged to devote himself to God.
 
Ayah   73:9   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He is, Lord of the east and the west; there is no god except Him, so take Him for a Guardian, entrusting your affairs to Him,
 
Ayah   73:10   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and bear patiently what they say, that is, the disbelievers of Mecca, in the way of their maltreatment [of you], and part with them in a gracious manner, without any anguish â this was [revealed] before the command to fight them.
 
Ayah   73:11   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And leave Me [to deal] with the deniers (waâl-mukadhdhibīna is a supplement to the direct object, or [it is] an object of accompaniment; the meaning is: âI will avail you of themâ, they being the doughty [leaders] of Quraysh), those enjoying affluence, and respite them a little, while â they were killed soon afterwards at Badr.
 
Ayah   73:12   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
[For] indeed with Us are heavy fetters (ankāl is the plural of nikl), heavy shackles, and a hell-fire, a scorching Fire,
 
Ayah   73:13   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and a food that chokes, one that causes the throat to choke, and this is [either] zaqqūm [cf. Q. 44:43], darīâ [cf. Q. 88:6], ghislīn [cf. Q. 69:36] or thorns of fire, which can neither be vomited nor ingested, and a painful chastisement, in addition to the [punishment] mentioned, for those who deny the Prophet (s),
 
Ayah   73:14   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
699 on the day when the earth and the mountains will quake and the mountains will be like heaps of shifting sand (mahīl derives from hāla, yahīlu; it is actually mahyūl, but the damma sound is considered too heavy for the yāâ and is therefore transposed onto the hāâ, while the wāw, the second of two unvocalised consonants, is omitted on account of it being extra, and the damma is replaced by a kasra because of its [phonetic] affinity the [letter] yāâ).
 
Ayah   73:15   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
We have indeed sent to you, O people of Mecca, a Messenger, namely, Muhammad (s), to be a witness against you, on the Day of Resurrection to any disobedience that you engage in, just as We sent to Pharaoh a messenger, namely, Moses, peace be upon him.
 
Ayah   73:16   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
But Pharaoh disobeyed the messenger, so We seized him with a severe seizing.
 
Ayah   73:17   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So, if you disbelieve, in this world, how will you guard against a day (yawman is the direct object of tattaqūna, âyou guard againstâ) that is, against the chastisement thereof, by what defence will you defend yourselves against the chastisement of a day, that will make the children grey-haired (shīb is the plural of ashyab) by the severity of its terrors, this being the Day of Resurrection (the shīn of shīb should actually have a damma, but it is given a kasra because of its [phonetic] affinity with the yāâ) â a distressing day is described as being âa day that makes the forelocks of children turn greyâ, which is [usually] understood figuratively; but it may be that in the case of this verse it is meant literally â
 
Ayah   73:18   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
with the heaven being rent asunder thereon, on that Day, because of its severity. His promise, exalted be He, of the coming of that [Day], shall be fulfilled, that is to say, it will come to pass without doubt.
 
Ayah   73:19   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Indeed these, threatening verses, are a reminder, an admonition for all creatures. Let him who will, then, choose a way to his Lord, a path [to Him], through faith and obedience.
 
Ayah   73:20   الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Assuredly your Lord knows that you stand vigil less than two thirds of the night, or [at times] a half of it or a third of it (if read wa-nisfihi wa-thuluthihi, then these constitute a supplement to thuluthay, âtwo thirdsâ; if read wa-nisfahu wa-thuluthahu, then a supplement to adnā, âless thanâ) â his keeping vigil in the way mentioned is in accordance with what was enjoined on him at the beginning of this sūra â along with a group of those with you (wa-tāâifatun minaâlladhīna maâaka constitutes a supplement to the subject [of the verb] taqūmu, âyou stand vigilâ, but it may also constitute, although it is not certain, a separating clause). The keeping vigil by some of his companions in this way indicates their emulation of him. Some of them could not tell how much of the night they had spent in prayer and how much of it had remained, and would therefore keep vigil all night as a precaution; and so they used to keep vigil [in this way] for a whole year or more with their feet swollen, until God alleviated matters for them. He, exalted be He, says: and God keeps measures, He keeps count of, the night and the day. He knows that (an: softened in place of the hardened form, its subject having been omitted, that is to say, annahu) you will not be able to keep count of it, that is, the [length of the] night, so that you may perform the vigil at the time in which it is required unless you stay up all night, which is hard on you, and so He has relented to you, making you revert to what is easier. So recite as much as is feasible of the Qurâān, during prayer, by performing as much prayer as is feasible. He knows that (an: softened in place of the hardened form, that is to say, annahu) some of you will be sick, while others will be travelling in the land, seeking the bounty of God, seeking of His provision through 700 commerce and otherwise, and others will be fighting in the way of God: for each of the three groups mentioned the keeping of nightly vigil is hard, and so God has alleviated things for them by [enjoining on them] what is feasible. Later this was abrogated by the five [daily] prayers. So recite as much as is feasible of it (as [explained] above) and perform, obligatory, prayer and pay alms and lend God, by expending in the way of good in addition to what is due from your wealth [as alms], a goodly loan, out of the goodness of [your] hearts. For whatever good you send ahead for [the sake of] your souls, you will find that, with God, it will be better, than what you left behind (huwa khayran: huwa is for separation; what follows it [khayran, âbetterâ] is comparable to a definite, even if it is not [actually] so, on account of the impossibility of it being given [the al- of] definition) and greater in terms of reward. And seek forgiveness from God; assuredly God is Forgiving, Merciful, to believers.
 
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