(from the companions of Allah's Apostle) When Suhail bin Amr agreed to
the Treaty (of Hudaibiya), one of the things he stipulated then, was that
the Prophet should return to them (i.e. the pagans) anyone coming to him
from their side, even if he was a Muslim; and would not interfere between
them and that person. The Muslims did not like this condition and got
disgusted with it. Suhail did not agree except with that condition. So,
the Prophet agreed to that condition and returned Abu Jandal to his father
Suhail bin 'Amr. Thenceforward the Prophet returned everyone in that
period (of truce) even if he was a Muslim. During that period some
believing women emigrants including Um Kalthum bint Uqba bin Abu Muait who
came to Allah's Apostle and she was a young lady then. Her relative came
to the Prophet and asked him to return her, but the Prophet did not return
her to them for Allah had revealed the following Verse regarding women:
"O you who believe! When the believing women come to you as emigrants.
Examine them, Allah knows best as to their belief, then if you know them
for true believers, Send them not back to the unbelievers, (for) they are
not lawful (wives) for the disbelievers, Nor are the unbelievers lawful
(husbands) for them (60.10)
Narrated 'Urwa: Aisha told me, "Allah's Apostle used to examine them
according to this Verse: "O you who believe! When the believing women come
to you, as emigrants test them . . . for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most
Merciful." (60.10-12) Aisha said, "When any of them agreed to that
condition Allah's Apostle would say to her, 'I have accepted your pledge
of allegiance.' He would only say that, but, by Allah he never touched the
hand of any women (i.e. never shook hands with them) while taking the
pledge of allegiance and he never took their pledge of allegiance except
by his words (only)."
Aisha told me that Buraira came to seek her help in writing for
emancipation and at that time she had not paid any part of her price. 'Aisha
said to her, "Go to your masters and if they agree that I will pay your
price (and free you) on condition that your Wala' will be for me, I will
pay the money." Buraira told her masters about that, but they refused, and
said, "If 'Aisha wants to do a favor she could, but your Wala will be for
us." Aisha informed Allah's Apostle of that and he said to her, "Buy and
manumit Buraira as the Wala' will go to the manumitted."
While I was riding a (slow) and tired camel, the Prophet passed by and
beat it and prayed for Allah's Blessings for it. The camel became so fast
as it had never been before. The Prophet then said, "Sell it to me for one
Uqiyya (of gold)." I said, "No." He again said, "Sell it to me for one
Uqiyya (of gold)." I sold it and stipulated that I should ride it to my
house. When we reached (Medina) I took that camel to the Prophet and he
gave me its price. I returned home but he sent for me (and when I went to
him) he said, "I will not take your camel. Take your camel as a gift for
you." (Various narrations are mentioned here with slight variations in
expressions relating the condition that Jabir had the right to ride the
sold camel up to Medina).
The Ansar said to the Prophet, "Divide our date-palms between us and
our emigrant brothers." The Prophet said, "No." The Ansar said to the
emigrants, "You may do the labor (in our gardens) and we will share the
fruits with you." The emigrants said, "We hear and obey."
Allah's Apostle gave the land of Khaibar to the Jews on the condition
that they would work on it and cultivate it and they would get half of its
yield.
Allah's Apostle said, "From among all the conditions which you have to
fulfill, the conditions which make it legal for you to have sexual
relations (i.e. the marriage contract) have the greatest right to be
fulfilled."
We used to work on the fields more than the other Ansar, and we used to
rent the land (for the yield of a specific portion of it). But sometimes
that portion or the rest of the land did not give any yield, so we were
forbidden (by the Prophet ) to follow such a system, but we were allowed
to rent the land for money.
The Prophet said, "No town-dweller should sell for a bedouin. Do not
practice Najsh (i.e. Do not offer a high price for a thing which you do
not want to buy, in order to deceive the people). No Muslim should offer
more for a thing already bought by his Muslim brother, nor should he
demand the hand of a girl already engaged to another Muslim. A Muslim
woman shall not try to bring about The divorce of her sister (i.e. another
Muslim woman) in order to take her place herself."
Narrated Abu Huraira and Zaid bin Khalid Al-Juhani:
A bedouin came to Allah's Apostle and said, "O Allah's apostle! I ask
you by Allah to judge My case according to Allah's Laws." His opponent,
who was more learned than he, said, "Yes, judge between us according to
Allah's Laws, and allow me to speak." Allah's Apostle said, "Speak." He (i
.e. the bedouin or the other man) said, "My son was working as a laborer
for this (man) and he committed illegal sexual intercourse with his wife.
The people told me that it was obligatory that my son should be stoned to
death, so in lieu of that I ransomed my son by paying one hundred sheep
and a slave girl. Then I asked the religious scholars about it, and they
informed me that my son must be lashed one hundred lashes, and be exiled
for one year, and the wife of this (man) must be stoned to death." Allah's
Apostle said, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, I will judge between you
according to Allah's Laws. The slave-girl and the sheep are to be returned
to you, your son is to receive a hundred lashes and be exiled for one
year. You, Unais, go to the wife of this (man) and if she confesses her
guilt, stone her to death." Unais went to that woman next morning and she
confessed. Allah's Apostle ordered that she be stoned to death.
Allah's Apostle forbade (1) the meeting of the caravan (of goods) on
the way, (2) and that a residing person buys for a bedouin, (3) and that a
woman stipulates the divorce of the wife of the would-be husband, (4) and
that a man tries to cause the cancellation of a bargain concluded by
another. He also forbade An-Najsh (see Hadith 824) and that one withholds
the milk in the udder of the animal so that he may deceive people on
selling it.
Allah's Apostle said, "Moses the Apostle of Allah," and then he
narrated the whole story about him. Al-Khadir said to Moses, "Did not I
tell you that you can have no patience with me." (18.72). Moses then
violated the agreement for the first time because of forgetfulness, then
Moses promised that if he asked Al-Khadir about anything, the latter would
have the right to desert him. Moses abided by that condition and on the
third occasion he intentionally asked Al-Khadir and caused that condition
to be applied. The three occasions referred to above are referred to by
the following Verses:
"Call me not to account for forgetting And be not hard upon me."
(18.73)
"Then they met a boy and Khadir killed him." (18.74)
"Then they proceeded and found a wall which was on the verge of falling
and Khadir set it up straight." (18.77)
Aisha said, "Buraira came to me and said, 'My people (masters) have
written the contract for my emancipation for nine Awaq ) of gold) to be
paid in yearly installments, one Uqiyya per year; so help me." Aisha said
(to her), "If your masters agree, I will pay them the whole sum provided
the Wala will be for me." Buraira went to her masters and told them about
it, but they refused the offer and she returned from them while Allah's
Apostles was sitting. She said, "I presented the offer to them, but they
refused unless the Wala' would be for them." When the Prophet heard that
and 'Aisha told him about It, he said to her, "Buy Buraira and let them
stipulate that her Wala' will be for them, as the Wala' is for the
manumitted." 'Aisha did so. After that Allah's Apostle got up amidst the
people, Glorified and Praised Allah and said, "What is wrong with some
people who stipulate things which are not in Allah's Laws? Any condition
which is not in Allah's Laws is invalid even if there were a hundred such
conditions. Allah's Rules are the most valid and Allah's Conditions are
the most solid. The Wala is for the manumitted."
When the people of Khaibar dislocated Abdullah bin Umar's hands and
feet, Umar got up delivering a sermon saying, "No doubt, Allah's Apostle
made a contract with the Jews concerning their properties, and said to
them, 'We allow you (to stand in your land) as long as Allah allows you.'
Now Abdullah bin Umar went to his land and was attacked at night, and his
hands and feet were dislocated, and as we have no enemies there except
those Jews, they are our enemies and the only people whom we suspect, I
have made up my mind to exile them." When Umar decided to carry out his
decision, a son of Abu Al-Haqiq's came and addressed 'Umar, "O chief of
the believers, will you exile us although Muhammad allowed us to stay at
our places, and made a contract with us about our properties, and accepted
the condition of our residence in our land?" 'Umar said, "Do you think
that I have forgotten the statement of Allah's Apostle, i.e.: What will
your condition be when you are expelled from Khaibar and your camel will
be carrying you night after night?" The Jew replied, "That was joke from
Abu-l-Qasim." 'Umar said, "O the enemy of Allah! You are telling a lie." 'Umar
then drove them out and paid them the price of their properties in the
form of fruits, money, camel saddles and ropes, etc."
(whose narrations attest each other) Allah's Apostle set out at the
time of Al-Hudaibiya (treaty), and when they proceeded for a distance, he
said, "Khalid bin Al-Walid leading the cavalry of Quraish constituting the
front of the army, is at a place called Al-Ghamim, so take the way on the
right." By Allah, Khalid did not perceive the arrival of the Muslims till
the dust arising from the march of the Muslim army reached him, and then
he turned back hurriedly to inform Quraish. The Prophet went on advancing
till he reached the Thaniyya (i.e. a mountainous way) through which one
would go to them (i.e. people of Quraish). The she-camel of the Prophet
sat down. The people tried their best to cause the she-camel to get up but
in vain, so they said, "Al-Qaswa' (i.e. the she-camel's name) has become
stubborn! Al-Qaswa' has become stubborn!" The Prophet said, "Al-Qaswa' has
not become stubborn, for stubbornness is not her habit, but she was
stopped by Him Who stopped the elephant." Then he said, "By the Name of
Him in Whose Hands my soul is, if they (i.e. the Quraish infidels) ask me
anything which will respect the ordinances of Allah, I will grant it to
them."
The Prophet then rebuked the she-camel and she got up. The Prophet
changed his way till he dismounted at the farthest end of Al-Hudaibiya at
a pit (i.e. well) containing a little water which the people used in small
amounts, and in a short while the people used up all its water and
complained to Allah's Apostle; of thirst. The Prophet took an arrow out of
his arrow-case and ordered them to put the arrow in that pit. By Allah,
the water started and continued sprouting out till all the people quenched
their thirst and returned with satisfaction. While they were still in that
state, Budail bin Warqa-al-Khuza'i came with some persons from his tribe
Khuza'a and they were the advisers of Allah's Apostle who would keep no
secret from him and were from the people of Tihama. Budail said, "I left
Kab bin Luai and 'Amir bin Luai residing at the profuse water of
Al-Hudaibiya and they had milch camels (or their women and children) with
them, and will wage war against you, and will prevent you from visiting
the Kaba." Allah's Apostle said, "We have not come to fight anyone, but to
perform the 'Umra. No doubt, the war has weakened Quraish and they have
suffered great losses, so if they wish, I will conclude a truce with them,
during which they should refrain from interfering between me and the
people (i.e. the 'Arab infidels other than Quraish), and if I have victory
over those infidels, Quraish will have the option to embrace Islam as the
other people do, if they wish; they will at least get strong enough to
fight. But if they do not accept the truce, by Allah in Whose Hands my
life is, I will fight with them defending my Cause till I get killed, but
(I am sure) Allah will definitely make His Cause victorious." Budail said,
"I will inform them of what you have said." So, he set off till he reached
Quraish and said, "We have come from that man (i.e. Muhammad) whom we
heard saying something which we will disclose to you if you should like."
Some of the fools among Quraish shouted that they were not in need of this
information, but the wiser among them said, "Relate what you heard him
saying." Budail said, "I heard him saying so-and-so," relating what the
Prophet had told him.
Urwa bin Mas'ud got up and said, "O people! Aren't you the sons? They
said, "Yes." He added, "Am I not the father?" They said, "Yes." He said,
"Do you mistrust me?" They said, "No." He said, "Don't you know that I
invited the people of 'Ukaz for your help, and when they refused I brought
my relatives and children and those who obeyed me (to help you)?" They
said, "Yes." He said, "Well, this man (i.e. the Prophet) has offered you a
reasonable proposal, you'd better accept it and allow me to meet him."
They said, "You may meet him." So, he went to the Prophet and started
talking to him. The Prophet told him almost the same as he had told
Budail. Then Urwa said, "O Muhammad! Won't you feel any scruple in
extirpating your relations? Have you ever heard of anyone amongst the
Arabs extirpating his relatives before you? On the other hand, if the
reverse should happen, (nobody will aid you, for) by Allah, I do not see
(with you) dignified people, but people from various tribes who would run
away leaving you alone." Hearing that, Abu Bakr abused him and said, "Do
you say we would run and leave the Prophet alone?" Urwa said, "Who is that
man?" They said, "He is Abu Bakr." Urwa said to Abu Bakr, "By Him in Whose
Hands my life is, were it not for the favor which you did to me and which
I did not compensate, I would retort on you." Urwa kept on talking to the
Prophet and seizing the Prophet's beard as he was talking while Al-Mughira
bin Shu'ba was standing near the head of the Prophet, holding a sword and
wearing a helmet. Whenever Urwa stretched his hand towards the beard of
the Prophet, Al-Mughira would hit his hand with the handle of the sword
and say (to Urwa), "Remove your hand from the beard of Allah's Apostle."
Urwa raised his head and asked, "Who is that?" The people said, "He is
Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba." Urwa said, "O treacherous! Am I not doing my best
to prevent evil consequences of your treachery?"
Before embracing Islam Al-Mughira was in the company of some people. He
killed them and took their property and came (to Medina) to embrace Islam.
The Prophet said (to him, "As regards your Islam, I accept it, but as for
the property I do not take anything of it. (As it was taken through
treason). Urwa then started looking at the Companions of the Prophet. By
Allah, whenever Allah's Apostle spat, the spittle would fall in the hand
of one of them (i.e. the Prophet's companions) who would rub it on his
face and skin; if he ordered them they would carry his orders immediately;
if he performed ablution, they would struggle to take the remaining water;
and when they spoke to him, they would lower their voices and would not
look at his face constantly out of respect. Urwa returned to his people
and said, "O people! By Allah, I have been to the kings and to Caesar,
Khosrau and An-Najashi, yet I have never seen any of them respected by his
courtiers as much as Muhammad is respected by his companions. By Allah, if
he spat, the spittle would fall in the hand of one of them (i.e. the
Prophet's companions) who would rub it on his face and skin; if he ordered
them, they would carry out his order immediately; if he performed
ablution, they would struggle to take the remaining water; and when they
spoke, they would lower their voices and would not look at his face
constantly out of respect." Urwa added, "No doubt, he has presented to you
a good reasonable offer, so please accept it." A man from the tribe of
Bani Kinana said, "Allow me to go to him," and they allowed him, and when
he approached the Prophet and his companions, Allah's Ap le I said, "He is
so-and-so who belongs to the tribe that respects the Budn (i.e. camels of
the sacrifice). So, bring the Budn in front of him." So, the Budn were
brought before him and the people received him while they were reciting
Talbiya. When he saw that scene, he said, "Glorified be Allah! It is not
fair to prevent these people from visiting the Ka'ba." When he returned to
his people, he said, 'I saw the Budn garlanded (with colored knotted
ropes) and marked (with stabs on their backs). I do not think it is
advisable to prevent them from visiting the Ka'ba." Another person called
Mikraz bin Hafs got up and sought their permission to go to Muhammad, and
they allowed him, too. When he approached the Muslims, the Prophet said,
"Here is Mikraz and he is a vicious man." Mikraz started talking to the
Prophet and as he was talking, Suhail bin Amr came.
When Suhail bin Amr came, the Prophet said, "Now the matter has become
easy." Suhail said to the Prophet "Please conclude a peace treaty with
us." So, the Prophet called the clerk and said to him, "Write: By the Name
of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful." Suhail said, "As for
'Beneficent,' by Allah, I do not know what it means. So write: By Your
Name O Allah, as you used to write previously." The Muslims said, "By
Allah, we will not write except: By the Name of Allah, the most
Beneficent, the most Merciful." The Prophet said, "Write: By Your Name O
Allah." Then he dictated, "This is the peace treaty which Muhammad,
Allah's Apostle has concluded." Suhail said, "By Allah, if we knew that
you are Allah's Apostle we would not prevent you from visiting the Kaba,
and would not fight with you. So, write: "Muhammad bin Abdullah." The
Prophet said, "By Allah! I am Apostle of Allah even if you people do not
believe me. Write: Muhammad bin Abdullah." (Az-Zuhri said, "The Prophet
accepted all those things, as he had already said that he would accept
everything they would demand if it respects the ordinance of Allah, (i.e.
by letting him and his companions perform 'Umra.)" The Prophet said to
Suhail, "On the condition that you allow us to visit the House (i.e.
Ka'ba) so that we may perform Tawaf around it." Suhail said, "By Allah, we
will not (allow you this year) so as not to give chance to the 'Arabs to
say that we have yielded to you, but we will allow you next year." So, the
Prophet got that written.
Then Suhail said, "We also stipulate that you should return to us
whoever comes to you from us, even if he embraced your religion." The
Muslims said, "Glorified be Allah! How will such a person be returned to
the pagans after he has become a Muslim? While they were in this state
Abu- Jandal bin Suhail bin 'Amr came from the valley of Mecca staggering
with his fetters and fell down amongst the Muslims. Suhail said, "O
Muhammad! This is the very first term with which we make peace with you,
i.e. you shall return Abu Jandal to me." The Prophet said, "The peace
treaty has not been written yet." Suhail said, "I will never allow you to
keep him." The Prophet said, "Yes, do." He said, "I won't do.: Mikraz
said, "We allow you (to keep him)." Abu Jandal said, "O Muslims! Will I be
returned to the pagans though I have come as a Muslim? Don't you see how
much I have suffered?"
Abu Jandal had been tortured severely for the Cause of Allah. Umar bin
Al-Khattab said, "I went to the Prophet and said, 'Aren't you truly the
Apostle of Allah?' The Prophet said, 'Yes, indeed.' I said, 'Isn't our
Cause just and the cause of the enemy unjust?' He said, 'Yes.' I said,
'Then why should we be humble in our religion?' He said, 'I am Allah's
Apostle and I do not disobey Him, and He will make me victorious.' I said,
'Didn't you tell us that we would go to the Ka'ba and perform Tawaf around
it?' He said, 'Yes, but did I tell you that we would visit the Ka'ba this
year?' I said, 'No.' He said, 'So you will visit it and perform Tawaf
around it?' " Umar further said, "I went to Abu Bakr and said, 'O Abu
Bakr! Isn't he truly Allah's Prophet?' He replied, 'Yes.' I said, 'Then
why should we be humble in our religion?' He said, 'Indeed, he is Allah's
Apostle and he does not disobey his Lord, and He will make him victorious.
Adhere to him as, by Allah, he is on the right.' I said, 'Was he not
telling us that we would go to the Kaba and perform Tawaf around it?' He
said, 'Yes, but did he tell you that you would go to the Ka'ba this year?'
I said, 'No.' He said, "You will go to Ka'ba and perform Tawaf around it."
(Az-Zuhri said, " 'Umar said, 'I performed many good deeds as expiation
for the improper questions I asked them.' ")
When the writing of the peace treaty was concluded, Allah's Apostle
said to his companions, "Get up and' slaughter your sacrifices and get
your head shaved." By Allah none of them got up, and the Prophet repeated
his order thrice. When none of them got up, he left them and went to Um
Salama and told her of the people's attitudes towards him. Um Salama said,
"O the Prophet of Allah! Do you want your order to be carried out? Go out
and don't say a word to anybody till you have slaughtered your sacrifice
and call your barber to shave your head." So, the Prophet went out and did
not talk to anyone of them till he did that, i.e. slaughtered the
sacrifice and called his barber who shaved his head. Seeing that, the
companions of the Prophet got up, slaughtered their sacrifices, and
started shaving the heads of one another, and there was so much rush that
there was a danger of killing each other. Then some believing women came
(to the Prophet ); and Allah revealed the following Divine Verses:--
"O you who believe, when the believing women come to you as emigrants
examine them . . ." (60.10)
Umar then divorced two wives of his who were infidels. Later on Muawiya
bin Abu Sufyan married one of them, and Safwan bin Umaya married the
other. When the Prophet returned to Medina, Abu Basir, a new Muslim
convert from Quraish came to him. The Infidels sent in his pursuit two men
who said (to the Prophet ), "Abide by the promise you gave us." So, the
Prophet handed him over to them. They took him out (of the City) till they
reached Dhul-Hulaifa where they dismounted to eat some dates they had with
them. Abu Basir said to one of them, "By Allah, O so-and-so, I see you
have a fine sword." The other drew it out (of the scabbard) and said, "By
Allah, it is very fine and I have tried it many times." Abu Bair said,
"Let me have a look at it."
When the other gave it to him, he hit him with it till he died, and his
companion ran away till he came to Medina and entered the Mosque running.
When Allah's Apostle saw him he said, "This man appears to have been
frightened." When he reached the Prophet he said, "My companion has been
murdered and I would have been murdered too." Abu Basir came and said, "O
Allah's Apostle, by Allah, Allah has made you fulfill your obligations by
your returning me to them (i.e. the Infidels), but Allah has saved me from
them." The Prophet said, "Woe to his mother! what excellent war kindler he
would be, should he only have supporters." When Abu Basir heard that he
understood that the Prophet would return him to them again, so he set off
till he reached the seashore. Abu Jandal bin Suhail got himself released
from them (i.e. infidels) and joined Abu Basir. So, whenever a man from
Quraish embraced Islam he would follow Abu Basir till they formed a strong
group. By Allah, whenever they heard about a caravan of Quraish heading
towards Sham, they stopped it and attacked and killed them (i.e. infidels)
and took their properties. The people of Quraish sent a message to the
Prophet requesting him for the Sake of Allah and Kith and kin to send for
(i.e. Abu Basir and his companions) promising that whoever (amongst them)
came to the Prophet would be secure. So the Prophet sent for them (i.e.
Abu Basir's companions) and Allah I revealed the following Divine Verses:
"And it is He Who Has withheld their hands from you and your hands From
them in the midst of Mecca, After He made you the victorious over them. .
. . the unbelievers had pride and haughtiness, in their hearts . . . the
pride and haughtiness of the time of ignorance." (48.24-26) And their
pride and haughtiness was that they did not confess (write in the treaty)
that he (i.e. Muhammad) was the Prophet of Allah and refused to write: "In
the Name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the Most Merciful," and prevented
the Mushriks from visiting the Ka'ba.
Narrated Az-Zuhri: Urwa said, "Aisha told me that Allah's Apostle used
to examine the women emigrants. We have been told also that when Allah
revealed the order that the Muslims should return to the pagans what they
had spent on their wives who emigrated (after embracing Islam) and that
the Mushriks should not. keep unbelieving women as their wives, 'Umar
divorced two of his wives, Qariba, the daughter of Abu Urhaiya and the
daughter of Jarwal Al-Khuza'i. Later on Mu'awlya married Qariba and Abu
Jahm married the other."
When the pagans refused to pay what the Muslims had spent on their
wives, Allah revealed: "And if any of your wives have gone from you to the
unbelievers and you have an accession (By the coming over of a woman from
the other side) (Then pay to those whose wives have gone) The equivalent
of what they had spent (On their Mahr)." (60.11)
So, Allah ordered that the Muslim whose wife, has gone, should be
given, as a compensation of the Mahr he had given to his wife, from the
Mahr of the wives of the pagans who had emigrated deserting their
husbands.
We do not know any of the women emigrants who deserted Islam after
embracing it. We have also been told that Abu Basir bin Asid Ath-Thaqafi
came to the Prophet as a Muslim emigrant during the truce. Al-Akhnas bin
Shariq wrote to the Prophet requesting him to return Abu Basir.
Allah's Apostle mentioned a person who asked an Israeli man to lend him
one-thousand Dinars, and the Israeli lent him the sum for a certain fixed
period.
Aisha said that Buraira came to seek her help in the writing of her
emancipation. 'Aisha said to her, "If you wish, I will pay your masters
(your price) and the wala' will be for me." When Allah's Apostle came, she
told him about it. The Prophet said to her, "Buy her (i.e. Buraira) and
manumit her, for the Wala is for the one who manumits." Then Allah's
Apostle ascended the pulpit and said, "What about those people who
stipulate conditions which are not in Allah's Laws? Whoever stipulates
such conditions as are not in Allah's Laws, then those conditions are
invalid even if he stipulated a hundred such conditions."
Allah's Apostle said, "Allah has ninety-nine names, i.e. one-hundred
minus one, and whoever knows them will go to Paradise." (Please see Hadith
No. 419 Vol. 8)
Umar bin Khattab got some land in Khaibar and he went to the Prophet to
consult him about it saying, "O Allah' Apostle got some land in Khaibar
better than which I have never had, what do you suggest that I do with
it?" The Prophet said, "If you like you can give the land as endowment and
give its fruits in charity." So Umar gave it in charity as an endowment on
the condition that would not be sold nor given to anybody as a present and
not to be inherited, but its yield would be given in charity to the poor
people, to the Kith and kin, for freeing slaves, for Allah's Cause, to the
travelers and guests; and that there would be no harm if the guardian of
the endowment ate from it according to his need with good intention, and
fed others without storing it for the future."