'Umar b. al-Khattib reported Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) as saying: Allah, the Great and
Majestic, forbids you to swear by your fathers. Umar said:
By Allah. I have never sworn (by my father) since I heard
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) forbidding it
mentioning them" on my behalf" nor on behalf of someone
else.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of
Zuhri except that in the hadith narrated on the authority
of Uqail the words are:" I did not take oath by (anyone
else except Allah) since I heard Allah's Messenger
forbidding it. nor did I speak in such terms, and the
narrator did not say," on my own behalf or on behalf of
someone else".
Salim reported on the authority of his father that
Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) heard 'Umar while
he was taking oath by his father. The rest of the hadith
is the same.
'Abdullah (b. Umar) reported that Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) found, Umar b. al-Khattab amongst
the riders and he was taking oath by his father Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) called them (saying) ;
Our Allah, the Exated and Majestic, has forbidden you that
you take oath by your father. He who bag to take an oath,
he must take it by Allah or keep quiet.
Ibn 'Umar heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who has to take an oath, he must not
take oath but by Allah. The Quraish used to take oath by
their fathers. So he (the Holy Prophet) said: Do not take
oath by your fathers.
Chapter 2: HE WHO TAKES AN OATH BY LAT AND UZZA,
HE SHOULD SAY: THERE IS NO GOD BUT ALLAH
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: He who takes an oath in the course of
which he says: By Lat (and al-'Uzza), he should say: There
is no god but Allah; and that it anyone says to his
friend:" Come and I will gamble with you," he should pay
sadaqa.
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari reported: I came to Allah's Apostle
(may peace be upon him) along with a group of Ash'arites
requesting to give us a mount. He (the Holy Prophet) said:
By Allah, I cannot provide you with a mount, and there is
nothing with me which I should give you as a ride. He (the
narrator) said: We stayed there as long as Allah willed.
Then there were brought to him (to the Holy Prophet)
camels. He (the Holy Prophet) then ordered to give us
three white humped camels, We started and said (or some of
us said to the others): Allah will not bless us. We came
to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) begging him
to provide us with riding camels. He swore that he could
not provide us with a mount, but later on he provided us
with that. They (some of the Prophet's Companions) came
and informed him about this (rankling of theirs),
whereupon he said: It was not I who provided you with a
mount, but Allah has provided you with that. So far as I
am concerned, by Allah, if He so wills, I would not swear,
but if, later on, I would see better than it, I (would
break the vow) and expiate it and do that which is better.
Abu Musa reported: My friends sent me to Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) asking him to provide
them with mounts as they were going along with him in
jaish al-'Usrah (the army of destitutes or of meagre means
or army setting out during the hard times and that is the
occasion of the expedition of Tabuk) I said: Apostle of
Allah, my friends have sent me to you so that you may
provide them with mounts. He (the Holy Prophet) said: By
Allah, I cannot provide you with anything to ride. And it
so happened that he was at that time much perturbed. I
little knew of it, so I came back with a heavy heart on
account of the refusal of Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him), and the fear that Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) might have some feelings against me. I
returned to my friends and informed them about what
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had said. I had
hardly stayed for a little that I heard Bilal calling:
'Abdullah b. Qais. I responded to his call. He said:
Hasten to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), he is
calling you, When I came to the Holy Prophet (may peace be
upon him) he said: Take this pair, this pair, and this
pair (i. e. six camels which he had bought from Sa'd), and
take them to y, our friends and say: Verily Allah (or he
said: Verily Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) has
provided you with these animals. So ride upon them. Abu
Musa said: I went along with them to my friends and said:
Verily Allah's messenger (may peace be upon him) has
provided you with these animals for riding; but by Allah,
I shall not leave you until some of you go along with me
to him who had heard the talk of Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) then I asked him for you, and his
refusal for the first time, and then his granting them to
me subsequently; so you should not think that I narrated
to you something which he did not say. They said to me: By
Allah, in our opinion you are certainly truthful, and we
would do as you like. So Abu Musa went along withsome of
the menfrom them until they came to those who had heard
the words of Allah's Messenger (may, peace be upon him)
and his refusal to (provide) them with (animals) ; and
subsequently his granting (the animals) to them; and they
narrated to them exactly as Abu Masa had narrated to them.
Ayyub said: We were sitting in the company of Abu Musa
that he called for food and it consisted of flesh of fowl.
It was then that a person from Banu Tamim visited him. His
complexion was red having the resemblance of a slave. He
said to him: Come and (join me in food). He showed
reluctance. He (Abu Masa) said: Come on, for I saw Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) eating it (fowl's meat),
whereupon that person said: I saw it eating something (of
filth and rubbish) and I found it repugnant and took an
oath that I would never eat that. He (Abu Muds) said:
Come, so that I would narrate to you about that (the
incident pertaining to vow). (And he narrated thus): I
came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) along
with a group of people belonging to the tribe of Ash'ari,
asking him to provide us with riding camels. He (the Holy
Prophet) said: By Allah, I cannot provide you with riding
animals. And there is nothing with me with which I can
provide you a mount. We stayed (for some time) there as
Allah willed, and there was brought to Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) booty of camels. He called us and
commanded that we should be given five white humped
camels. As we were about to go back, some of us said to
the other: As we made Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) forget oath, there would be no blessing for us (in
his gift). We went back to him and said: Allah's
Messenger, we came to you to provide us with riding
animals and you took an oath that you would never equip us
with mounts and then you have provided us with the riding
beasts Allali's Messenger, have you forgotten? Thereupon
he said: I swear by Allah that if Allah so wills, I shall
not swear an oath, and then consider something else to be
better than it without making atonement for my oath and
doing the thing that is better. So you go; Allah, the
Exalted and Glorious, has given you riding animals.
Zahdam al-Jarmi reported: I visited Abu Musa and lie
was eating fowl's meat. The rest of the hadith is the same
with this addition that he (the Holy Prophet) said: By
Allah, I did not forget it.
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari reported: We came to Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) requesting him to
provide us with riding camels. He (the Holy Prophet) said:
There is nothing with me with which I should equip you. By
Allah, I would not provide you with (riding camels). Then
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent to us three
camels with spotted bumps. We said: We came to Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) asking him to equip us
with riding animals. He took an oath that he could not
equip us. We came to him and informed him. He said: By
Allah, I do not take an oath, but when I find the other
thing better than that, I do that which is better.
Abu Musa reported: We walked on foot and came to
Allah's Apostle (may peace he upon him) asking him to
provide us with mounts. The rest of the hadith is the
same.
Abu Huraira reported: A person sat late in the night
with Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), and then
came to his family and found that his children had gone to
sleep. His wife brought food for him. but he took an oath
that he would not eat because of his children (having gone
to sleep without food) He then gave precedence (of
breaking the vow and then expiating it) and ate the food
He then came to Allah s Messenger (may peace be upon him)
and made mention of that to him, whereupon Allah's
Messenger (may peace he upon him) said: He who took an
oath and (later on) found something better than that
should do that, and expiate for (breaking) his vow.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: He who took an oath and then found
another thing better than (this) should expiate for the
oath (broken) by him and do (the better thing).
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: He who took an oath and (later on)
found another thing better than that, he should do that
which is better, and expiate for the vow (broken by him).
This hadith is narrated on the authority of Suhail with
the same chain of transmitters (with these words):" He
should expiate for (breaking) the vow and do that which is
better."
Tamim b. Tarafa reported: A beggar came to 'Adi b.
Hatim and he begged him to give him the price of a slave,
or some portion of the price of the slave. He ('Adi) said:
I have nothing to give you except my coat-of-mail and
helmet. I will, however, write to my family to give that
to you, but he did not agree to that. Thereupon 'Adi was
enraged, and said: By Allah, I will not give you anything.
The person (then) agreed to accept that, whereupon he
said: By Allah, had I not heard Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) saying:" He who took an oath, but then
found something more pious in the sight of Allah, he
should (break the oath) and do that which is more pious,"
I would not have broken the oath (and thus paid you
anything).
'Adi b. Hatim reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: He who took an oath, but he found
something else better than that, should do that which is
better and break his oath.
'Adi reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: When anyone amongst you takes an oath, but he
finds (something) better than that he should expiate (the
breaking of the oath), and do that which is better.
Tamim b. Tarafa reported that he beard 'Adi b. Hatim
say that a person came to him and asked for one hundred
dirhams. He ('Adi) said: You asked Me for one hundred
dirhams and I am the son of Hatim; by Allah, I will not
give you. But then he said: (I would have done that) if I
had not heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
say: He who takes an oath, but then finds something better
than that, should do that which is better.
Tamim b. Tarafa reported: I heard 'Adi b. Hatim say
that a person asked that and then narrated (the hadith)
like one (mentioned above), but he made this addition:"
Here are four hundred (dirhams) for you out of my gift."
Abd al-Rahman b. Samura reported that Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) said to me: Abd al-Rahman b.
Samura, don't ask for authority for if it is granted to
you for asking for it, you would be commissioned for it
(without having the support of Allah), but if you are
granted it without your asking for it. You would be helped
(by Allah) in it. And when you take an oath and find
something else better than that, expiate for (breaking)
your oath, and do that which is better. This hadith has
also been transmitted on the authority of Ibn Farrukh.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Abd
al-Rahman b. Samura through another chain of transmitters
but there is no mention of the word" authority".
Chapter 4: THE OATH WOULD BE CONSIDERED ON THE
BASIS OF THE INTENTION OF ONE WHO TAKES AN OATH
Abu Haraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: Your oath should be about something
regarding which your companion will believe you. 'Amr
said: By which your companion will believe you.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: An oath is to be interpreted
according to the intention of the one who takes it.
Chapter 5: EXPRESSING THE WORDS" GOD WILLING" IN
THE OATH
Abu Huraira reported that (Hadrat) Sulaiman had sixty
wives. He (one day) said: I will visit each one of them
every night, and every one of them will become pregnant
and give birth to a male child who will be a horseman and
fight in the cause of Allah. But (it so happened) that
none of them became pregnant except one, but she gave
birth to an incomplete child. Thereupon Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) said: Had he said Insha' Allah (if
God so wills), then every one of them would have given
birth to a child who would have been a horseman and fought
in the cause of Allah
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Prophet (may peace be upon
him) as saying that Sulaiman b. Dawud, the Apostle of
Allah, observed: I will have an intercourse with seventy
wives during the night; all of them will give birth to a
male child who will fight in the cause of Allah. His
companion or the ang I said to him: Say," If God wills."
But he (Hadrat Sulaimin) did not say so, and he forgot it.
And none of his wives gave birth to a child, but one who
gave birth to a premature child. Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) said: Had he said Insha' Allah (if God
so will). he would not have failed and his desire would
have been materialised.
Abu Huraira reported that Sulaiman b. Dawud said: I
will certainly have intercourse with seventy wives during
the night, and every wife amongst them will give birth to
a child, who will fight in the cause of Allah. It was said
to him: Say:" Insha' Allah" (God willing), but he did not
say so and forgot it. He went round them but none of them
give birth to a child except one woman and that too was an
incomplete person. Upon this Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) said: If he had said" Insha' Allah." he would
not have failed, and his desire must have been fulfilled.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon
him) as saying that Sulaiman b. Dawud (once) said: I will
go round in the night to my ninety wives, and every one of
them will give birth to a child (who will grow up) as a
horseman and fight in the cause of Allah His companions
said to him: Say" Insha' Allah." but he did not say Inshii'
Allah. He went round all of them but none of them became
pregnant but one, and she gave birth to a premature child.
And by Him in Whose hand is the life of Muhammad, if he
had said, Insha' Allah (his wives would have given birth
to the children who would all have grown up into horsemen
and fought in the way of Allah). This hadith has been
narrated on the authority of Abu Zinad with the same chain
of transmitters with a variation of (these words):" Every
one of them giving birth to a child, who would have fought
in the cause of Allah."
Chapter 6: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO PERSIST IN AN OATH
WHICH CAUSES TROUBLE TO THE FAMILY, AND IS NOT LAWFUL
Hammam b. Munabbih reported: This is what Abu Huraira
reported to us from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him), and he narrated a hadith and (one) of them is that
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: I swear by
Allah, it is more sinful in Allah's sight for one of you
to persist in an oath regarding his family than payment of
its expiation which Allah has imposed upon him (for
breaking the oath).
Chapter 7: WHAT A NON-BELIEVER SHOULD DO WITH HIS
VOW WHEN HE EMBRACES ISLAM
Ibn 'Umar reported that Umar (b. Khattab) said:
Messenger of Allah, I had taken a vow during the days of
Ignorance (Jahiliyya) that I would observe I'tikaf for a
night in the Sacred Mosque. He (the Holy Prophet) said:
Fulfil your vow.
'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported that 'Umar b. Khattab asked
the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) as he was
at ji'rana (a town near Mecca) on his way back from Ta'if:
Messenger of Allah, I had taken a vow during the days of
Ignorance that I would observe I'tikaf for one day in the
Sacred Mosque. So what is your opinion? He said: Go and
observe I'tikaf for a day. And Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) gave him a slave girl out of the
one-fifth (of the spoils of war meant for the Holy
Prophet). And when Allah's Messenger (inay peace be upon
him) set the war prisoners free. 'Umar b. Khattab heard
their voice as they were saying: Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) has set as free. He (Hadrat 'Umar)
said: What is this? They said: Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) has set free the prisoners of war
(which had fallen to the lot of people). Thereupon he (Hadrat
'Umar) said: Abdullah, go to that slave-girl and set her
free.
lbn 'Umar reported: When Allah's Apostle (may peace be
upon him) came back from the Battle of Hunain, Umar asked
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) about the vow he
had taken during the days of Ignorance that he would
observe I'tikaf for a day. The rest of the hadith is the
same.
Nafi' reported: A mention of Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) observing 'Umra from ja'rina was made
before Ibn 'Umar. He said: He did not enter into the state
of Ihram from that (place), and Umar had taken a vow of
observing I'tikaf for a night during the days of
Ignorance. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Zadhan Abl Umar reported: I came to Ibn 'Umar as he had
granted freedom to a stave. He (the narrator further)
said: He took hold of a wood or something like it from the
earth and said: It (freedom of a slave) has not the reward
evert equal to it, but the fact that I heard Allah's
Messenger (way peace be upon him) say: He who slaps his
slave or beats him, the expiation for it is that he should
set him free.
Zadhan reported that Ibn Umar called his slave and he
found the marks (of beating) upon his back. He said to
him: I have caused you pain. He said: No. But he (Ibn
Umar) said: You are free. He then took hold of something
from the earth and said: There is no reward for me even to
the weight equal to it. I heard Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) as saying: He who beats a slave without
cognizable offence of his or slaps him (without any
serious fault), then expiation for it is that he should
set him free.
Mu'awiya b. Suwaid reported: I slapped a slave
belonging to us and then fled away. I came back just
before noon and offered prayer behind my father. He called
him (the slave) and me and said: Do as he has done to you.
He granted pardon. He (my father) then said: We belonged
to the family of Muqarrin during the lifetime of Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him. and had only one
slave-girl and one of us slapped her. This news reached
Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and he said: Set
her free. They (the members of the family) said: There is
no other servant except she. Thereupon he said: Then
employ her and when you can afford to dispense with her
services, then set her free.
Hilal b. Yasaf reported that a person got angry and
slapped his slave-girl. Thereupon Suwaid b. Muqarrin said
to him: You could find no other part (to slap) but the
prominent part of her face. See I was one of the seven
sons of Muqarrin, and we had but only one slave-girl. The
youngest of us slapped her, and Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) commanded us to set her free. 2097
Hilal b. Yasaf reported: We used to sell cloth in the
house of Suwaid b. Muqarrin, the brother of Nu'man b.
Muqarrin. There came out a slave-girl, and she said
something to a person amongst us, and he slapped her.
Suwaid was enraged-the rest of the hadlth is the same.
Suwaid b. Muqarrin reported that he had a slave-girl
and a person (one of the members of the family) slapped
her, whereupon Suwaid said to him: Don't you know that it
is forbidden (to strike the) face. He said: You see I was
the seventh one amongst my brothers during the lifetime of
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and we had but
only one servant. One of us got enraged and slapped him.
Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
commanded us to set him free.
Abu Mas'ud al-Badri reported: I was beating my slave
with a whip when I heard a voice behind me: Understand,
Abu Masud; but I did not recognise the voice due to
intense anger. He (Abu Mas'ud) reported: As he came near
me (I found) that he was the Messenger of Allah (may peace
be upon him) and he was saying: Bear in mind, Abu Mas'ud;
bear in mind. Abu Mas'ud. He (Aba Maslad) said: threw the
whip from my hand. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said:
Bear in mind, Abu Mas'ud; verily Allah has more dominance
upon you than you have upon your slave. I (then) said: I
would never beat my servant in future.
This hadith has been narrated on the authorityo A'mash
but with this variation of words:" There fell from my hand
the whip on account of his (the Prophet's) awe."
Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari reported: When I was beating my
servant, I heard a voice behind me (saying): Abu Mas'ud,
bear in mind Allah has more dominance over you than you
have upon him. I turned and (found him) to be Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him). I said: Allah's
Messenger, I set him free for the sake of Allah. Thereupon
he said: Had you not done that, (the gates of) Hell would
have opened for you, or the fire would have burnt you.
Abu Mas'ud reported that he had been beating his slave
and he had been saying: I seek refuge with Allah, but he
continued beating him, whereupon he said: I seek refuge
with Allah's Messenger, and he spared him. Thereupon
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: By Allah,
God has more dominance over you than you have over him
(the slave). He said that he set him free. This hadith has
been narrated on the authority of Shu'ba with the same
chain of transmitters, but made no mention of (these
words) of his: I seek refuge with Allah, I seek refuge
with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him).
Chapter 9: IT IS IMPROPER TO ACCUSE THE SLAVE OF
ADULTERY
Abu Huraira reported that Abu'l-Qasim (one of the names
of Allah's Messenger [may peace be upon him]) said: He who
accused his slave of adultery, punishment would be imposed
upon him on the Day of Resurrection, except in case the
accusation was as he had said.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn
Ghazwan (and the words are):" I heard Abu'l-Qasim (may
peace be upon him) as the Prophet of repentance."
Chapter 10: FEEDING OF SLAVE WITH WHAT THE MASTER
EATS HIMSELF AND CLOTHING HIM WITH WHAT HE WEARS HIMSELF AND
NOT TO BURDEN HIM BEYOND CAPACITY
Al-Ma'rur b. Suwaid said: We went to Abu Dharr
(Ghifari) in Rabadha and he had a mantle over him, and his
slave had one like it. We said: Abu Dharr, had you joined
them together, it would have been a complete garment.
Thereupon he said: There was an altercation between me and
one of the persons among my brothers. His mother was a
non-Arab. I reproached him for his mother. He complained
against me to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him). As
I met Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) he said: Abu
Dharr, you are a person who still has (in him the
remnants) of the days (of Ignorance). Thereupon I said:
Allah's Messenger, he who abuses (other) persons, they
abuse (in return) his father and mother. He (the Holy
Prophet) said: Abu Dharr, you are a person who still has
(the remnants) of Ignorance in him They (your servants and
slaves) are your brothers. Allah has put them in your
care, so feed them with what you eat, clothe them with
what you wear. and do not burden them beyond their
capacities; but if you burden them (with an unbearable
burden), then help them (by sharing their extra burden).
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of
A'mash but with a slight variation of words, e. g. in the
hadith transmitted on the authority of Zuhair and Abu
Mu'awiya after his words (these words of the Holy
Prophet):" You are a person having the remnants of
Ignorance in him." (these words also occur, that Abu
Dharr) said: Even up to this time of my old age? He (the
Holy Prophet) said: Yes. In the tradition transmitted on
the authority of Abu Mu'awiya (the words are):" Yes, in
this time of your old age." In the tradition transmitted
on the authority of 'Isa (the words are):" If you burden
him (with an unbearable burden), you should sell him (and
get another slave who can easily undertake this burden)."
In the hadith transmitted on the authority of Zuhair (the
words are):" Help him in that (work)." In the hadith
transmitted by Abu Mu'awiya (separately) there is no such
word: Then sell him or help him." This hadith concludes
with these words:" Do not burden him beyond his capacity."
Ma'rur b. Suwaid reported: I saw Abu Dharr wearing
clothes, and his slave wearing similar ones. I asked him
about it, and he narrated that he had abused a person
during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upoe. him) and he reproached him for his mother. That
person came to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and
made mention of that to him. Thereupon Allah's Apostle
(may peace be upon him) said: You are a person who has
(remnants of) Ignorance in him. Your slaves are brothers
of yours. Allah has placed them in your hand, and he who
has his brother under him, he should feed him with what he
eats, and dress him with what he dresses himself, and do
not burden them beyond their capacities, and if you burden
them, (beyond their capacities), then help them.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: It is essential to feed the slave,
clothe him (properly) and not burden him with work which
is beyond his power.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: When the slave of anyone amongst you
prepares food for him and he serves him after having sat
close to (and undergoing the hardship of) heat and smoke,
he should make him (the slave) sit along with him and make
him eat (along with him), and if the food seems to run
short, then he should spare some portion for him (from his
own share) - (another narrator) Dawud said:" i. e. a
morsel or two". 4097
Chapter 11: REWARD OF THE SALVE WHEN HE IS LOYAL
TO HIS MASTER AND IS GOOD IN WORSHIPPING ALLAH
Ibn Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: When a slave looks to the welfare of his
master and worships Allah well, he has two rewards for
him.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: For a faithful slave there are two
rewards. By him in Whose hand is the life of Abu Huraira,
but for Jibad in the cause of Allah, and Pilgrimage and
kindness to my mother, I would have preferred to die as a
slave. He (one of the narrators in the chain of
transmitters) said: This news reached us that Abu Huraira
did not perform Pilgrimage until his mother died for
(keeping himself constantly) in her service. This hadith
has been transmitted on the authority of Abu Tahir but
with a slight variation of words.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: When a slave fulfils obligation of
Allah and obligation of his master, he has two rewards for
him. I narrated this to Ka'b, and Ka'b said: (Such a
slave) has no accountability, nor has a poor believer.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: It is good for a slave that he
worships Allah well, and serves his master (well). It is
good for him.
Chapter 12: HE WHO EMANCIPATES HIS SHARE IN THE
SLAVE
Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who gives up his share in a slave, and
has enough money to pay the full price of the slave, then
full emancipation devolves upon him; but if he has not the
money, then he emancipated what he emancipated.
Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who emancipates his share in the slave,
it is his responsibility to secure full freedom for him
provided he (the slave) has enough money to pay the
(remaining) price, but it he has not so much money he
would be emancipated to the extent that the first man
emancipated.
'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) as saying: He who gives up his share in
a slave, and he has money enough to meet the full price, a
fair price for him should be fixed; otherwise be has
emancipated him to the extent that he has emancipated.
Salim b. 'Abdullah reported on the authority of his
father that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said:
He who emancipates a slave (shared) by him and another
one, his full price may be justly assessed from his
wealth, neither less nor more, and he (the slave) would be
emancipated if he (the partner) would be solvent enough
(to forgo the amount of his share).
Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who gives up his share in a slave, the
remaining (share) will be paid out of his riches if his
riches are enough to meet the price of the slave.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon
him) as saying: In case the slave is owned by two persons,
and one of them emancipates him, he will guarantee (his
full freedom).
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of
Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters (and the words
are):" He who emancipates a portion in a slave, he should
(secure full) freedom for him from his property."
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who emancipates his portion in a slave,
full emancipation may be secured for him out of his
property (if he has money) if he has enough property to
meet (the required expenses), but if he has not enough
property, the slave should be put to extra labour (in
order to earn money for buying his freedom), but he should
not be overburdened.
This hadith has been narrated through another chain of
transmitters (and the words are):" He will be required to
work (in order to secure freedom) for that por- tion in
which he has not been emancipated, without overburdening
him."
'Imran b. Husain reported that a person who had no
other property emancipated six slaves of his at the time
of his death. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
called for them and divided them into three sections, cast
lots amongst them, and set two free and kept four in
slavery; and he (the Holy Prophet) spoke severely of him.
This hadith has been narrated through another chain of
transmitters (and the words are):" A person from among the
Ansar willed away the freedom of six slaves of his at the
time of his death."
Jabir b. 'Abdullah said that a person among the Ansar
declared his slave free after his death, as he had no
other property. This news reached the Apostle of Allah
(may peace be upon him) and he said: Who will buy him from
me? And Nu'aim b. al-Nahham bought him for eight hundred
dirhams and he handed them over to him, 'Amr (one of the
narrators) said: I heard Jabir b. 'Abdullah as saying: He
was a Coptic slave, and he died in the first year (of the
Caliphate of 'Abdullah b. Zubair).
Jabir is reported to have said: A person amongst the
Ansar who had no other property declared a slave free
after his death. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
sold him, and Ibn al-Nahham bought him and he was a Coptic
slave (who) died in the first year of the Caliphate of Ibn
Zubair.