The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: There is no zakat
payable (on grain or dates) on less than five camel-loads.
The wasq (one camel-load) measures sixty sa' in weight.
Habib al-Maliki said: A man said to Imran ibn Husayn:
AbuNujayd, you narrate to us traditions whose basis we do
not find in the Qur'an.
Thereupon, Imran got angry and said to the man: Do you
find in the Qur'an that one dirham is due on forty dirhams
(as Zakat), and one goat is due on such-and-such number of
goats, and one camel will be due on such-and-such number
of camels?
He replied: No.
He said: From whom did you take it? You took it from
us, from the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him).
A woman came to the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
and she was accompanied by her daughter who wore two heavy
gold bangles in her hands. He said to her: Do you pay
zakat on them? She said: No. He then said: Are you pleased
that Allah may put two bangles of fire on your hands?
Thereupon she took them off and placed them before the
Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) saying: They are for Allah and
His Apostle.
I used to wear gold ornaments. I asked: Is that a
treasure (kanz), Apostle of Allah? He replied: whatever
reaches a quantity on which zakat is payable is not a
treasure (kanz) when the zakat is paid.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) wrote a letter
about sadaqah (zakat) but he died before he could send it
to his governors. He had kept it with his sword. So
AbuBakr acted upon it till he died, and then Umar acted
upon it till he died.
It contained: "For five camels one goat is to be given;
for ten camels two goats are to be given; for fifteen
camels three goats are to be given; for twenty camels four
goats are to be given; for twenty-five to thirty-five
camels a she-camel in her second year is to be given. If
the number exceeds by one up to seventy camels, a
she-camel in her fourth year is to be given; if they
exceed by one up to seventy-five camels, a she-camel in
her fifth year is to be given; if they exceed by one up to
ninety camels, two she-camels in their third year are to
be given; if they exceed by one up to one hundred and
twenty, two she-camels in their fourth year are to be
given. If the camels are more than this, a she-camel in
her fourth year is to be given for every fifty camels, and
a she-camel in her third year is to be given for every
forty camels.
For forty to one hundred and twenty goats one goat is
to be given; if they exceed by one up to two hundred, two
goats are to be given. If they exceed by one up to three
hundred, three goats are to be given; if the goats are
more than this, one goat for every hundred goats is to be
given. Nothing is payable until they reach one hundred.
Those which are in one flock are not to be separated, and
those which are in separate flocks are not be brought
together from fear of sadaqah (zakat). Regarding that
which belongs to two partners, they can make claims for
restitution from each other with equity. An old goat and a
defective one are not to be accepted as sadaqah (zakat)."
Az-Zuhri said: When the collector comes, the goats will
be apportioned into three flocks: one containing bad, the
second good, and the third moderate. The collector will
take zakat from the moderate. Az-Zuhri did not mention the
cows (to be apportioned in three flocks).
Al-Harith al-A'war reported from Ali. Zuhayr said: I
think, the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: "Pay a
fortieth. A dirham is payable on every forty, but you are
not liable for payment until you have accumulated two
hundred dirhams. When you have two hundred dirhams, five
dirhams are payable, and that proportion is applicable to
larger amounts.
"Regarding sheep, for every forty sheep up to one
hundred and twenty, one sheep is due. But if you possess
only thirty-nine, nothing is payable on them." He further
narrated the tradition about the sadaqah (zakat) on sheep
like that of az-Zuhri.
"Regarding cattle, a yearling bull calf is payable for
every thirty, and a cow in her third year for forty, and
nothing is payable on working animals.
Regarding (the zakat on) camels, he mentioned the rates
that az-Zuhri mentioned in his tradition. He said: "For
twenty-five camels, five sheep are to be paid. If they
exceed by one, a she-camel in her second year is to be
given. If there is no she-camel in her second year, a male
camel in its third year is to be given, up to thirty-five.
If they exceed by one a she-camel in her third year is to
be given, up to forty-five. If they exceed by one, a
she-camel in her fourth year which is ready to be covered
by a bull-camel is to be given." He then transmitted the
rest of the tradition like that of az-Zuhri.
He continued: If they exceed by one, i.e. they are
ninety-one to hundred and twenty, two she-camels in their
fourth year, which are ready to be covered by a
bull-camel, are to be given. If there are more camels than
that, a she-camel in her fourth year is to be given for
every fifty. Those which are in one flock are not to be
separated, and those which are separate are not to be
brought together. An old sheep, one with a defect in the
eye, or a billy goat is not to be accepted as a sadaqah
unless the collector is willing.
As regards agricultural produce, a tenth is payable on
that which is watered by rivers or rain, and a twentieth
on that which is watered by draught camels."
The version of Asim and al-Harith says: "Sadaqah (zakat)
is payable every year." Zuhayr said: I think he said "Once
a year".
The version of Asim has the words: "If a she-camel in
her second year is not available among the camels, nor is
there a bull-camel in its third year, ten dirhams or two
goats are to be given."
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: "When you possess
two hundred dirhams and one year passes on them, five
dirhams are payable. Nothing is incumbent on you, that is,
on gold, till it reaches twenty dinars. When you possess
twenty dinars and one year passes on them, half a dinar is
payable. Whatever exceeds, that will be reckoned
properly."
(The narrator said: I do not remember whether the words
"that will be reckoned properly" were uttered by All
himself or he attributed them to the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him).
No zakat is payable on property till a year passes on
it.
But Jarir said: Ibn Wahb (sub-narrator) added to this
tradition from the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him): "No zakat
is payable on property until a year passes away on it."
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: I have given
exemption regarding horses and slaves; with regard to
coins, however, you must pay a dirham for every forty (dirhams),
but nothing is payable on one hundred and ninety. When the
total reaches two hundred, five dirhams are payable.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said: For
forty pasturing camels, one she-camel in her third year is
to be given. The camels are not to be separated from
reckoning. He who pays zakat with the intention of getting
reward will be rewarded. If anyone evades zakat, we shall
take half the property from him as a due from the dues of
our Lord, the Exalted. There is no share in it (zakat) of
the descendants of Muhammad (peace_be_upon_him).
When the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) sent him to the
Yemen, he ordered him to take a male or a female calf a
year old for every thirty cattle and a cow in its third
year for every forty, and one dinar for every adult
(unbeliever as a poll-tax) or cloths of equivalent value
manufactured in the Yemen.
Narrated Someone who accompanied the collector of the
Prophet:
Suwayd ibn Ghaflah said: I went myself or someone who
accompanied the collector of the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him)
told me: It was recorded in the document written by the
Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) not to accept a
milking goat or she-camel or a (suckling) baby (as zakat
on animals); and those which are in separate flocks are
not to be brought together, and those which are in one
flock are not to be separated.
The collector used to visit the water-hole when the
sheep went there and say: Pay the sadaqah (zakat) on your
property. The narrator said: A man wanted to give him his
high-humped camel (kawma'). The narrator (Hilal) asked:
What is kawma', AbuSalih? He said: A camel a high hump.
The narrator continued: He (the collector) refused to
accept it. He said: I wish you could take the best of my
camels. He refused to accept it. He then brought another
camel lower in quality than the previous one. He refused
to accept it too. He then brought another camel lower in
quality than the previous one. He accepted it, saying: I
shall take it, but I am afraid the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
might be angry with me, saying to me: You have purposely
taken from a man a camel of your choice.
Muslim ibn Shu'bah said: Nafi' ibn Alqamah appointed my
father as charge d'affaires of his tribe, and commanded
him to collect sadaqah (zakat) from them. My father sent
me to a group of them; so I came to an aged man called
Sa'r ibn Disam
I said: My father has sent me to you to collect zakat
from you. He asked: What kind of animals will you take, my
nephew? I replied: We shall select the sheep and examine
their udders. He said: My nephew, I shall narrate a
tradition to you. I lived on one of these steppes during
the time of the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) along
with my sheep. Two people riding a camel came to me.
They said to me: We are messengers of the Apostle of
Allah (peace_be_upon_him), sent to you so that you may pay
the sadaqah (zakat) on your sheep.
I asked: What is due from me for them?
They said: One goat. I went to a goat which I knew was
full of milk and fat, and I brought it to them.
They said: This is a pregnant goat. The Apostle of
Allah (peace_be_upon_him) prohibited us to accept a
pregnant goat.
I asked: What will you take then? They said: A goat in
its second year or a goat in its third year. I then went
to a goat which had not given birth to any kid, but it was
going to do so. I brought it to them.
They said: Give it to us. They took it on the camel and
went away.
AbuDawud said: I read in a document possessed by
Abdullah ibn Salim at Hims: Abdullah ibn Mu'awiyah al-Ghadiri
reported the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) as saying: He who
performs three things will have the taste of the faith.
(They are:) One who worships Allah alone and one believes
that there is no god but Allah; and one who pays the zakat
on his property agreeably every year. One should not give
an aged animal, nor one suffering from itch or ailing, and
one most condemned, but one should give animals of medium
quality, for Allah did not demand from you the best of
your animals, nor did He command you to give the animals
of worst quality.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) commissioned
me as a collector of zakat. I visited a man. When he had
collected his property of camels, I found that a she-camel
in her second year was due from him.
I said to him: Pay a she-camel in her second year, for
she is to be paid as sadaqah (zakat) by you.
He said: That one is not worthy of milking and riding.
Here is another she-camel which is young, grand and fat.
So take it.
I said to him: I shall not take an animal for which I
have not been commanded. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
is here near to you. If you like, go to him, and present
to him what you presented to me. Do that; if he accepts it
from you, I shall accept it; if he rejects it, I shall
reject it.
He said: I shall do it. He accompanied me and took with
him the she-camel which he had presented to me. We came to
the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him). He said to him:
Prophet of Allah, your messenger came to me to collect
zakat on my property. By Allah, neither the Apostle of
Allah nor his messenger has ever seen my property before.
I gathered my property (camels), and he estimated that a
she-camel in her second year would be payable by me. But
that has neither milk nor is it worth riding. So I
presented to him a grand young she-camel for acceptance as
zakat. But he has refused to take her. Look, she is here;
I have brought her to you, Apostle of Allah. Take her.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said: That is
what is due from you. If you give voluntarily a better
(animal) Allah will give a reward to you for it. We accept
her from you.
She is here, Apostle of Allah; I have brought her to
you. So take her. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
then ordered me to take possession of it, and he prayed
for a blessing on his property.
(Ibn Ubayd said in the version of his tradition that
his name was not Bashir, but (it was) the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) (who had) named him Bashir)
We said: (to the Apostle of Allah): The collectors of
sadaqah collect more than is due; can we hide our property
to that proportion? He replied: "No."
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Riders who are
objects of dislike to you will come to you, but you must
welcome them when they come to you, and give them a free
hand regarding what they desire. If they are just, they
will receive credit for it, but if they are unjust, they
will be held responsible. Please them, for the perfection
of your zakat consists in their good pleasure, and let
them ask a blessing for you .
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: There is to be no
collecting of sadaqah (zakat) from a distance, nor must
people who own property remove it far away, and their
sadaqahs are to be received in their dwelling.
When the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) sent him
to the Yemen, he said (to him): Collect corn from the
corn, sheep from the sheep, camel from the camels, and cow
from the cows.
Hilal, a man from the tribe of Banu Mat'an brought a
tenth of honey which he possessed in beehives to the
Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him). He asked him (the
apostle of Allah) to give the wood known as Salabah as a
protected (or restricted) land.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) gave him that
wood as a protected land.
When Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeded, Sufyan ibn Wahb
wrote to Umar asking him about this wood. Umar ibn
al-Khattab wrote to him: If he (Hilal) pays you the tithe
on honey what he used to pay to the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him), leave the protected land of Salabah
in his possession; otherwise those bees are like those of
any wood; anyone can take the honey as he likes.
Banu Shababah were a sub-clan of the tribe Fahm. (They
used to pay) one bag (of honey) out of ten bags. Sufyan
ibn Abdullah ath-Thaqafi gave them two woods as protected
lands. They used to give as much honey (as zakat) as they
gave to the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him). He
(Sufyan) used to protect their woods.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) commanded to
estimate vines (for collecting zakat) as palm-trees are
estimated. The zakat is to be paid in raisins as the zakat
on palm trees is paid in dried dates.
AbdurRahman ibn Mas'ud said: Sahl ibn AbuHathmah came
to our gathering. He said: The Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) commanding us said: When you estimate
take them leaving a third, and if you do not leave or find
a third, leave a quarter.
Describing the conquest of Khaybar Aisha said: The
Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) used to send Abdullah ibn
Rawahah to the Jews of Khaybar, and he would make an
estimate of the palm trees when the fruit was in good
condition before any of it was eaten.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) prohibited to
accept ja'rur and habiq dates as zakat. Az-Zuhri said:
These are two kinds of the dates of Medina.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) entered upon
us in the mosque, and he had a stick in his hand. A man
hung there a bunch of hashaf. He struck the bunch with the
stick, and said: If the owner of this sadaqah (alms)
wishes to give a better one than it, he would give. The
owner of this sadaqah will eat hashaf on the Day of
Judgment.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) prescribed the
sadaqah (alms) relating to the breaking of the fast as a
purification of the fasting from empty and obscene talk
and as food for the poor. If anyone pays it before the
prayer (of 'Id), it will be accepted as zakat. If anyone
pays it after the prayer, that will be a sadaqah like
other sadaqahs (alms).
The people during the lifetime of the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) used to bring forth the sadaqah at the
end of Ramadan when closing the fast one sa' of barley
whose straw is removed, or of raisins. Abdullah said: When
Umar (Allah be pleased with him) succeeded, and the wheat
became abundant, Umar prescribed half a sa' of wheat
instead of all these things.
I shall always pay one sa'. We used to pay during the
lifetime of the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) one
sa' of dried dates or of barley, or of cheese, or of
raisins. This is the version of Yahya. Sufyan added in his
version: "or one sa' of flour." The narrator Hamid (ibn
Yahya) said: The people objected to this (addition);
Sufyan then left it.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said: One sa'
of wheat is to be taken from every two, young or old,
freeman or slave, male or female. Those of you who are
rich will be purified by Allah, and those of you who are
poor will have more than they gave returned by Him to
them. Sulayman added in his version: "rich or poor"
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) stood and gave
a sermon; he commanded to give sadaqah, at the end of
Ramadan when the fasting is closed, one sa' of dried dates
or of barley payable by every person. The narrator Ali
added in his version: "or one sa' of wheat to be taken
from every two." Both the chains of narrators are then
agreed upon the version: "payable by young and old,
freeman and slave."
Al-Hasan said: Ibn Abbas preached towards the end of
Ramadan on the pulpit (in the mosque) of al-Basrah. He
said: Bring forth the sadaqah relating to your fast. The
people, as it were, could not understand. Which of the
people of Medina are present here? Stand for your
brethren, and teach them, for they do not know.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) prescribed
this sadaqah as one sa' of dried dates or barley, or half
a sa' of wheat payable by every freeman or slave, male or
female, young or old. When Ali came (to Basrah), he found
that price had come down. He said: Allah has given
prosperity to you, so give one sa' of everything (as
sadaqah).
The narrator Humayd said: Al-Hasan maintained that the
sadaqah at the end of Ramadan was due on a person who
fasted.
Al-Abbas asked the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) about
paying the sadaqah (his zakat) in advance before it became
due, and he gave permission to do that.
Ibrahim ibn Ata, the client of Imran ibn Husayn,
reported on the authority of his father: Ziyad, or some
other governor, sent Imran ibn Husayn to collect sadaqah
(i.e. zakat). When he returned, he asked Imran: Where is
the property? He replied: Did you send me to bring the
property? We collected it from where we used to collect in
the lifetime of the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him),
and we spent it where we used to spend during the time of
the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him).
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: He who begs (from
people) when he is affluent will come on the Day of
Resurrection with scrapes, scratchings, or lacerations on
his face. He was asked: What constitutes affluence,
Apostle of Allah? He replied:It is fifty dirhams or its
value in gold. The narrator Yahya said: Abdullah ibn
Sufyan said to Sufyan: I remember that Shu'bah does not
narrate from Hakim ibn Jubayr. Sufyan said: Zubayr
transmitted to us this tradition from Muhammad ibn
AbdurRahman ibn Yazid.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: If anyone begs
when he has something equivalent to an uqiyah in value, he
has begged immoderately. So I said: My she-camel, Yaqutah,
is better than an uqiyah. The version of Hisham goes:
"better than forty dirhams. So I returned and did not beg
anything from him." Hisham added in his version: "An
uqiyah during the time of the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) was equivalent to forty dirhams."
Uyaynah ibn Hisn and Aqra' ibn Habis came to the
Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him). They begged from
him. He commanded to give them what they begged. He
ordered Mu'awiyah to write a document to give what they
begged. Aqra' took his document, wrapped it in his turban,
and went away.
As for Uyaynah, he took his document and came to the
Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) at his home, and said to him:
Muhammad, do you see me? I am taking a document to my
people, but I do not know what it contains, just like the
document of al-Mutalammis. Mu'awiyah informed the Apostle
of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) of his statement.
Thereupon the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
said: He who begs (from people) when he has sufficient is
simply asking for a large amount of Hell-fire. (An-Nufayl
(a transmitter) said elsewhere: "embers of Hell".)
They asked: Apostle of Allah, what is a sufficiency?
(Elsewhere an-Nufayl said: What is a sufficiency which
makes begging unfitting?)
He replied: It is that which would provide a morning
and an evening meal. (Elsewhere an-Nufayl said: It is when
one has enough for a day and night, or for a night and a
day.) He (an-Nufayl) narrated to us this tradition briefly
in the words that I have mentioned.
I came to the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) and
swore allegiance to him, and after telling a long story he
said: Then a man came to him and said: Give me some of the
sadaqah (alms). The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
said: Allah is not pleased with a Prophet's or anyone
else's decision about sadaqat till He has given a decision
about them Himself. He has divided those entitled to them
into eight categories, so if you come within those
categories, I shall give you what you desire.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said something
similar as mentioned in the preceding tradition. This
version adds: But the poor man (miskin) who abstains from
begging from the people is one (according to the version
of Musaddad who does not get enough so that he may not beg
from the people, nor is his need known to the people, so
that alms be given to him. This is the one who has been
deprived.
Musaddad did not mention the words "one who avoids
begging from the people."
Two men informed me that they went to the Prophet
(peace_be_upon_him) when he was at the Farewell Pilgrimage
while he was distributing the sadaqah and asked him for
some of it. He looked us up and down, and seeing that we
were robust, he said: If you wish, I shall give you
something, but there is nothing spare in it for a rich man
or for one who is strong and able to earn a living.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Sadaqah may not
be given to rich man, with the exception of five classes:
One who fights in Allah's path, or who collects it, or a
debtor, or a man who buys it with his money, or a man who
has a poor neighbour who has been given sadaqah and gives
a present to the rich man.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Acts of begging
are lacerations with which a man disfigures his face, so
he who wishes may preserve his self-respect, and he who
wishes may abandon it; but this does not apply to one who
begs from a ruler, or in a situation which makes it
necessary.
A man of the Ansar came to the Prophet
(peace_be_upon_him) and begged from him.
He (the Prophet) asked: Have you nothing in your house?
He replied: Yes, a piece of cloth, a part of which we wear
and a part of which we spread (on the ground), and a
wooden bowl from which we drink water.
He said: Bring them to me. He then brought these
articles to him and he (the Prophet) took them in his
hands and asked: Who will buy these? A man said: I shall
buy them for one dirham. He said twice or thrice: Who will
offer more than one dirham? A man said: I shall buy them
for two dirhams.
He gave these to him and took the two dirhams and,
giving them to the Ansari, he said: Buy food with one of
them and hand it to your family, and buy an axe and bring
it to me. He then brought it to him. The Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) fixed a handle on it with his own
hands and said: Go, gather firewood and sell it, and do
not let me see you for a fortnight. The man went away and
gathered firewood and sold it. When he had earned ten
dirhams, he came to him and bought a garment with some of
them and food with the others.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) then said:
This is better for you than that begging should come as a
spot on your face on the Day of Judgment. Begging is right
only for three people: one who is in grinding poverty, one
who is seriously in debt, or one who is responsible for
compensation and finds it difficult to pay.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: If one who is
afflicted with poverty refers it to me, his poverty will
not be brought to an end; but if one refers it to Allah,
He will soon give him sufficiency, either by a speedy
death or by a sufficiency which comes later.
Al-Firasi asked the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him): May I beg, Apostle of Allah? The
Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: No, but if there is no
escape from it, beg from the upright.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Hands are of
three types: Allah's hand is the upper one; the bestower's
hand is the one near it; the beggar's hand is the lower
one. So bestow what is surplus, and do not submit yourself
to the demand of your soul.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) sent a man of the Banu
Makhzum to collect sadaqah. He said to AbuRafi': Accompany
me so that you may get some of it. He said: (I cannot take
it) until I go to the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and ask
him. Then he went to him and asked him. He said: The
sadaqah is not lawful for us, and the client of a people
is treated as one of them.
I heard the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) as
saying something similar to this tradition. He (the
narrator) said to AbuHurayrah: What is due on camels? He
replied: That you should give the best of your camels (in
the path of Allah), that you lend a milch she-camel, you
lend your mount for riding, that you lend the stallion for
covering, and that you give the milk (to the people) for
drinking.
When this verse was revealed: "And those who hoard gold
and silver," the Muslims were grieved about it. Umar said:
I shall dispel your care. He, therefore, went and said:
Prophet of Allah, your Companions were grieved by this
verse. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said:
Allah has made zakat obligatory simply to purify your
remaining property, and He made inheritances obligatory
that they might come to those who survive you. Umar then
said: Allah is most great. He then said to him: Let me
inform you about the best a man hoards; it is a virtuous
woman who pleases him when he looks at her, obeys him when
he gives her a command, and guards his interests when he
is away from her.
She took the oath of allegiance to the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) and said to him: Apostle of Allah, a
poor man stands at my door, but I find nothing to give
him. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said to her:
If you do not find anything to give him, put something in
his hand, even though it should be a burnt hoof.
My father sought permission from the Prophet
(peace_be_upon_him). (When permission was granted and he
came near him) he lifted his shirt, and began to kiss him
and embrace him (out of love for him). He asked: Apostle
of Allah, what is the thing which it is unlawful to
refuse? He replied: Water. He again asked: Prophet of
Allah, what is the thing which it is unlawful to refuse?
He replied: Salt. He again asked: Prophet of Allah, what
is the thing which it is unlawful to refuse? He said: To
do good is better for you.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: If anyone seeks
protection in Allah's name, grant him protection; if
anyone begs in Allah's name, give him something; if anyone
gives you an invitation, accept it; and if anyone does you
a kindness, recompense him; but if you have not the means
to do so, pray for him until you feel that you have
compensated him.
While we were sitting with the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) a man brought him some gold equal in
weight to an egg, and said: Apostle of Allah, I have got
this from a mine; take it; it is sadaqah. I have no more
than this. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) turned
his attention from him. Then he came to him from his right
side and repeated the same words. But he (the Prophet)
turned his attention from him. He then came to him from
his left side and repeated the same words. But he (again)
turned his attention from him. He then came to him from
behind. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) took it
and threw it away. Had it hit him, it would have hurt him
or wounded him. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
said: One of you brings all that he possesses and says:
This is sadaqah. Then he sits down and spreads his hand
before the people. The best sadaqah is that which leaves a
competence.
A man entered the mosque. The Prophet
(peace_be_upon_him) commanded the people to throw their
clothes as sadaqah. Thereupon they threw their clothes (as
sadaqah). He then asked him to take two clothes from them.
He reprimanded him and said: Take your clothe.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) commanded us
one day to give sadaqah. At that time I had some property.
I said: Today I shall surpass AbuBakr if I surpass him any
day. I, therefore, brought half my property. The Apostle
of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) asked: What did you leave for
your family? I replied: The same amount. AbuBakr brought
all that he had with him. The Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) asked him: What did you leave for your
family? He replied: I left Allah and His Apostle for them.
I said: I shall never compete you in anything.
Sa'd asked: Apostle of Allah, Umm Sa'd has died; what
form of sadaqah is best? He replied: Water (is best). He
dug a well and said: It is for Umm Sa'd.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: If any Muslim
clothes a Muslim when he is naked, Allah will clothe him
with some green garments of Paradise; if any Muslim feeds
a Muslim when he is hungry, Allah will feed him with some
of the fruits of Paradise; and if any Muslim gives a
Muslim drink when he is thirsty, Allah will give him some
of the pure wine which is sealed to drink.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: There are forty
characteristics; the highest of them is to give a goat on
loan (for benefiting from its milk). If any man carries
out any of those characteristics with the hope of getting
a reward and testifying to the promise for it, Allah will
admit him to Paradise for it.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) commanded to give
sadaqah. A man said: Apostle of Allah, I have a dinar. He
said: Spend it on yourself. He again said: I have another.
He said: Spend it on your children. He again said: I have
another. He said: Spend it on your wife. He again said: I
have another. He said: Spend it on your servant. He
finally said: I have another. He replied: You know best
(what to do with it).
I heard the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) say:
Allah the Exalted has said: I am Compassionate, and this
has been derived from mercy. I have derived its name from
My name. If anyone joins it, I shall join him, and if
anyone cuts it off, I shall cut him off.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) preached and
said: Abstain from avarice, for those who had been before
you were annihilated due to avarice. It (avarice)
commanded them to show niggardliness; it commanded them to
cut off their relationship with their nearest relatives,
so they cut off. It commanded them to show profligacy, so
they showed it.
AbuMulaykah reported: Aisha counted a number of
indigents. AbuDawud said: The other version has: She
counted a number of sadaqahs. The Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) said: Give and do not calculate, so
calculation will be made against you.
Suwayd ibn Ghaflah said: I fought along with Zayd ibn
Suhan and Sulayman ibn Rabi'ah. I found a whip. They said
to me: Throw it away. I said: No; if I find its owner (I
shall give it to him); if not, I shall use it. Then I
performed hajj; and when I reached Medina, I asked Ubayy
ibn Ka'b.
He said: I found a purse which contained one hundred
dinars; so I came to the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him). He
said to me: Make the matter known for a year. I made it
known for a year and then came to him. He then said to me:
Make the matter known for a year. So I made it known for a
year. I then (again) came to him. He said to me: Make the
matter known for a year. Then I came to him and said: I
did not find anyone who realises it. He said: Remember,
its number, its container and its tie. If its owner comes,
(give it to him), otherwise use it yourself.
He (the narrator Shu'bah) said: I do not know whether
he said the word "make the matter known" three times or
once.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) was asked
about a find. He said: Make it known for a year. If its
seeker comes, deliver it to him, otherwise note its
container and its string. Then use it; if its seeker
comes, deliver it to him.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: He who finds
something should call one or two trusty persons as
witnesses and not conceal it or cover it up; then if he
finds its owner he should return it to him, otherwise it
is Allah's property which He gives to whom He will.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) was asked
about the hanging fruit. He replied: If a needy person
takes some and does not take a supply away in his garment,
he is not to be blamed, but he who carries any of it away
is to be find twice the value and punished, and he who
steals any of it after it has been put in the place where
dates are dried is to have his hand cut off if its value
reaches the price of a shield. Regarding stray camels and
sheep he mentioned the same as others have done. He said:
He was asked about finds and replied: If it is in a
frequented road and a large town, make the matter known
for a year, and if its owner comes, give it to him, but if
he does not, it belongs to you. If it is in a place which
has been a waste from ancient time, or if it is a hidden
treasure (belonging to the Islamic period), it is subject
to the payment of the fifth.
Ali ibn AbuTalib found a dinar and he took it to
Fatimah. She asked the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) about it. He said: This is Allah's
provision. Then the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
ate out of the food (bought with it), and Ali and Fatimah
also ate out of that food. But afterwards a woman came
crying out about the dinar. The Prophet
(peace_be_upon_him) said: Pay the dinar, Ali.
Bilal ibn Yahya al-Absi said: Ali found a dinar and
purchased some flour with it. The seller of the flour
recognised him and returned the dinar to him. Ali took it,
deducted two qirat (carat) from it, and purchased meat
with it.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) gave us
licence to use (for our purpose) a stick, a rope, a whip
and things of that type which a man picked up; he may
benefit from them.
I accompanied Jarir at Bawazij. The shepherd brought
the cows. Among them there was a cow that was not one of
them. Jarir asked him: What is this? He replied: This was
mixed with the cows and we do not know to whom it belongs.
Jarir said: Take it out. I heard the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) say: No one mixes a stray animal (with
his animals) but a man who strays from right path.