Malik related to me that he had heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab was asked who
had the wala' of the children whom a slave had by a free woman. Said said, "If
their father dies and he is a slave who was not set free, their wala' belongs to
the mawali of their mother."
Malik said, "That is like the child of a woman who is a mawla who has been
divorced by lian; the child is attached to the mawali of his mother and they are
his mawali. If he dies, they inherit from him. If he commits a crime, they pay
the blood-money for him. If his father acknowledges him, he is given a kinship
to him and his wala' goes to the mawali of his father. They are his heirs, they
pay his blood-money and his father is punished with the hadd-punishment."
Malik said, "It is like that with a free-born woman divorced by lian. If her
husband who curses her by lian does not acknowledge her child, the child is
dealt with in the same way except that the rest of his inheritance after the
inheritance of his mother and his brothers from his mother goes to all the
muslims as long as he was not given kinship to his father. The child of the lian
is attached to the patronage of the mawali of his mother until his father
acknowledges him because he does not have a lineage or paternal relations. If
his lineage is confirmed, it goes to his paternal relations."
Malik said, "The generally agreed-on way of doing things among us about a child
of a slave by a free woman, while the father of the slave is free, is that the
grandfather (the father of the slave), attracts the wala' of his son's free
children by a free woman. They leave their inheritance to him as long as their
father is a slave. If the father becomes free, the wala' returns to his mawali.
If he dies and he is still a slave, the inheritance and the wala' go to the
grandfather. If the slave has two free sons, and one of them dies while the
father is still a slave, the grandfather, the father of the father, attracts the
wala' and the inheritance."
Malik spoke about a slave-girl who was set free while she was pregnant and her
husband was a slave and then her husband became free before she gave birth, or
after she gave birth. He said, "The wala' of what is in her womb goes to the
person who set the mother free because slavery touched the child before the
mother was set free. It is not treated in the same way as a child conceived by
its mother after she has been set free because the wala' of such a child, is
attracted by the father when he is set free."
Malik said that if a slave asked his master's permission to free a slave of his
and his master gave permission, the wala' of the freed slave went to the master
of his master, and his wala' did not return to the master who had set him free,
even if he were to become free himself."
Original Version of The Hadith reported
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ، سُئِلَ
عَنْ عَبْدٍ لَهُ، وَلَدٌ مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ لِمَنْ وَلاَؤُهُمْ فَقَالَ
سَعِيدٌ إِنْ مَاتَ أَبُوهُمْ وَهُوَ عَبْدٌ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ فَوَلاَؤُهُمْ
لِمَوَالِي أُمِّهِمْ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَمَثَلُ ذَلِكَ وَلَدُ الْمُلاَعَنَةِ
مِنَ الْمَوَالِي يُنْسَبُ إِلَى مَوَالِي أُمِّهِ فَيَكُونُونَ هُمْ مَوَالِيَهُ
إِنْ مَاتَ وَرِثُوهُ وَإِنْ جَرَّ جَرِيرَةً عَقَلُوا عَنْهُ فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَ
بِهِ أَبُوهُ أُلْحِقَ بِهِ وَصَارَ وَلاَؤُهُ إِلَى مَوَالِي أَبِيهِ وَكَانَ
مِيرَاثُهُ لَهُمْ وَعَقْلُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيُجْلَدُ أَبُوهُ الْحَدَّ . قَالَ
مَالِكٌ وَكَذَلِكَ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمُلاَعِنَةُ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ إِذَا اعْتَرَفَ
زَوْجُهَا الَّذِي لاَعَنَهَا بِوَلَدِهَا صَارَ بِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْمَنْزِلَةِ
إِلاَّ أَنَّ بَقِيَّةَ مِيرَاثِهِ بَعْدَ مِيرَاثِ أُمِّهِ وَإِخْوَتِهِ لأُمِّهِ
لِعَامَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا لَمْ يُلْحَقْ بِأَبِيهِ وَإِنَّمَا وَرَّثَ وَلَدُ
الْمُلاَعَنَةِ الْمُوَالاَةَ مَوَالِيَ أُمِّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْتَرِفَ بِهِ
أَبُوهُ لأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ نَسَبٌ وَلاَ عَصَبَةٌ فَلَمَّا ثَبَتَ نَسَبُهُ
صَارَ إِلَى عَصَبَتِهِ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ
عِنْدَنَا فِي وَلَدِ الْعَبْدِ مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ وَأَبُو الْعَبْدِ حُرٌّ
أَنَّ الْجَدَّ أَبَا الْعَبْدِ يَجُرُّ وَلاَءَ وَلَدِ ابْنِهِ الأَحْرَارِ مِنِ
امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ يَرِثُهُمْ مَا دَامَ أَبُوهُمْ عَبْدًا فَإِنْ عَتَقَ أَبُوهُمْ
رَجَعَ الْوَلاَءُ إِلَى مَوَالِيهِ وَإِنْ مَاتَ وَهُوَ عَبْدٌ كَانَ الْمِيرَاثُ
وَالْوَلاَءُ لِلْجَدِّ وَإِنِ الْعَبْدُ كَانَ لَهُ ابْنَانِ حُرَّانِ فَمَاتَ
أَحَدُهُمَا وَأَبُوهُ عَبْدٌ جَرَّ الْجَدُّ أَبُو الأَبِ الْوَلاَءَ
وَالْمِيرَاثَ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الأَمَةِ تُعْتَقُ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ وَزَوْجُهَا
مَمْلُوكٌ ثُمَّ يَعْتِقُ زَوْجُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا أَوْ بَعْدَ مَا
تَضَعُ إِنَّ وَلاَءَ مَا كَانَ فِي بَطْنِهَا لِلَّذِي أَعْتَقَ أُمَّهُ لأَنَّ
ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدَ قَدْ كَانَ أَصَابَهُ الرِّقُّ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُعْتَقَ أُمُّهُ
وَلَيْسَ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الَّذِي تَحْمِلُ بِهِ أُمُّهُ بَعْدَ الْعَتَاقَةِ
لأَنَّ الَّذِي تَحْمِلُ بِهِ أُمُّهُ بَعْدَ الْعَتَاقَةِ إِذَا أُعْتِقَ أَبُوهُ
جَرَّ وَلاَءَهُ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الْعَبْدِ يَسْتَأْذِنُ سَيِّدَهُ أَنْ
يُعْتِقَ عَبْدًا لَهُ فَيَأْذَنَ لَهُ سَيِّدُهُ إِنَّ وَلاَءَ الْعَبْدِ
الْمُعْتَقِ الحديث Reference : Muwatta' Malik مرجع : موطأ مالك
| Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Book 38 الكتاب, Hadith 21 الحديث | In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : 38 الكتاب, Hadith 1487 الحديث