The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said: He who
swears an oath in which he tells a lie to take the
property of a Muslim by unfair means, will meet Allah
while He is angry with him.
Al-Ash'ath said: I swear by Allah, he said this about
me. There was some land between me and a Jew, but he
denied it to me; so I presented him to the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him).
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) asked me: Have you any
evidence? I replied: No. He said to the Jew: Take an oath.
I said: Apostle of Allah, now he will take an oath and
take my property. So Allah, the Exalted, revealed the
verse, "As for those who sell the faith they owe to Allah
and their own plighted word for a small price, they shall
have no portion in the hereafter."
A man of Kindah and a man of Hadramawt brought their
dispute to the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) about a land in
the Yemen. Al-Hadrami said: Apostle of Allah, the father
of this (man) usurped my land and it is in his possession.
The Prophet asked: Have you any evidence?
Al-Hadrami replied: No, but I make him swear (that he
should say) that he does not know that it is my land which
his father usurped from me.
Al-Kindi became ready to take the oath.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said: If
anyone usurps the property by taking an oath, he will meet
Allah while his hand is mutilated.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: One should not
take a false oath at this pulpit of mine even on a green
tooth-stick; otherwise he will make his abode in Hell, or
Hell will be certain for him.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Do not swear by
your fathers, or by your mothers, or by rivals to Allah;
and swear by Allah only, and swear by Allah only when you
are speaking the truth.
Sa'id ibn Ubaydah said: Ibn Umar heard a man swearing:
No, I swear by the Ka'bah. Ibn Umar said to him: I heard
the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) say: He who
swears by anyone but Allah is polytheist.
We went out intending (to visit) the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
and Wa'il ibn Hujr was with us. His enemy caught him. The
people desisted from swearing an oath, but I took an oath
that he was my brother. So he left him. We then came to
the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him), and I informed
him that the people desisted from taking the oath, but I
swore that he was my brother. He said: You spoke the
truth: A Muslim is a brother of a Muslim.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: If anyone takes
an oath and says: I am free from Islam; now if he is a
liar (in his oath), he will not return to Islam with
soundness.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: If anyone swears
an oath and makes an exception, he may fulfil it if he
wishes and break it if he wishes without any
accountability for breaking.
Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab said: There were two brothers
among the Ansar who shared an inheritance. When one of
them asked the other for the portion due to him, he
replied: If you ask me again for the portion due to you,
all my property will be devoted to the decoration of the
Ka'bah.
Umar said to him: The Ka'bah does not need your
property. Make atonement for your oath and speak to your
brother. I heard the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
say: An oath or vow to disobey the Lord, or to break ties
of relationship or about something over which one has no
control is not binding on you.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said: A vow is
binding in those things by which the pleasure of Allah is
sought, and an oath to break ties of relationship is not
binding.
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said: An oath
or a vow about something over which a human being has no
control, and to disobey Allah, and to break ties of
relationship is not binding. If anyone takes an oath and
then considers something else better than it, he should
give it up, and do what is better, for leaving it is its
atonement.
Two men brought their dispute to the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him).
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) asked the plaintiff to
produce evidence, but he had no evidence. So he asked the
defendant to swear. He swore by Allah "There is no god but
He."
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said: Yes, you
have done it, but you have been forgiven for the sincerity
of the statement: "There is no god but Allah."
Ibn Harmalah said: Umm Habib gave us a sa' and told us
narration from the nephew of Safiyyah on the authority of
Safiyyah that it was the sa' of the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him).
Anas ibn Ayyad said: I tested it and found its capacity
two and half mudd according to the mudd of Hisham.
Sharid's mother left a will to emancipate a believing
slave on her behalf. So he came to the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him)
and said: Apostle of Allah, my mother left a will that I
should emancipate a believing slave for her, and I have a
black Nubian slave-girl. He mentioned a tradition about
the test of the girl.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: I swear by Allah,
I shall fight against the Quraysh; I swear by Allah, I
shall fight against the Quraysh; I swear by Allah, I shall
fight against the Quraysh. He then said: "If Allah wills."
Uqbah consulted the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) about
his sister who took a vow to perform hajj barefooted and
bareheaded. So he said: Command her to cover her head and
to ride, and to fast three days.
A man came to Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and said:
Apostle of Allah, my sister has taken a vow to perform
hajj on foot. The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Allah
gets no good from the affliction your sister imposed on
herself, so let her perform hajj riding and make atonement
for her oath.
The sister of Uqbah ibn Amir took a vow that she would
perform hajj on foot, and she was unable to do so. The
Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Allah is not in need of
the walking of your sister. She must ride and offer a
sacrificial camel.
Uqbah said to the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him): My
sister has taken a vow that she will walk to the House of
Allah (the Ka'bah). Thereupon he said: Allah will not do
anything of the walking of your sister to the House of
Allah (i.e. the Ka'bah).
A man stood on the day of Conquest (of Mecca) and said:
Apostle of Allah, I have vowed to Allah that if He grants
conquest of Mecca at your hands, I shall pray two rak'ahs
in Jerusalem.
He replied: Pray here.
He repeated (his statement) to him and he said: Pray
here.
He again repeated (his statement) to him.
He (the Prophet) replied: Pursue your own course, then.
The tradition mentioned above (No.3299) has also been
transmitted by Umar ibn AbdurRahman ibn Awf on the
authority of his father and the Companions of the Prophet
(peace_be_upon_him).
This version has: "The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him)
said: By Him Who sent Muhammad with truth, if you prayed
here, this would be sufficient for you like the prayer in
Jerusalem."
A woman made a voyage and vowed that she would fast one
month if Allah made her reach her destination with peace
and security. Allah made her reach her destination with
security but she died before she could fast. Her daughter
or sister (the narrator doubted) came to the Apostle of
Allah (peace_be_upon_him). So he commanded to fast on her
behalf.
In the time of the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) a man
took a vow to slaughter a camel at Buwanah. So he came to
the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and said: I have taken a
vow to sacrifice a camel at Buwanah.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) asked: Did the place
contain any idol worshipped in pre-Islamic times?
They (the people) said: No.
He asked: Was any pre-Islamic festival observed there?
They replied: No.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Fulfil your vow,
for a vow to do an act of disobedience to Allah must not
be fulfilled, neither must one do something over which a
human being has no control.
I went out with my father to see the hajj performed by
the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him). I saw the
Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him). I fixed my eyes on
him. My father came near him while he was riding his
she-camel. He had a whip like the whip of scribes. I heard
the bedouin and the people say: The whip, the whip. My
father came near him and held his foot. She said: He
admitted his Prophethood and stood and listened to him.
He said: Apostle of Allah, I have made a vow that if a
son is born to me, I shall slaughter a number of sheep at
the end of Buwanah in the dale of hill.
The narrator said: I do not know (for certain) that she
said: Fifty (sheep).
The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) said: Does it
contain any idol?
He said: No. Then he said: Fulfil your vow that you
have taken for Allah. He then gathered them (i.e. the
sheep) and began to slaughter them. A sheep ran away from
them.
He searched for it saying: O Allah, fulfil my vow on my
behalf. So he succeeded (in finding it) and slaughtered
it.
I said: Apostle of Allah, to make my repentance
complete I should divest myself of my property as sadaqah
(alms) for Allah and His Apostle. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him)
said: Retain some of your property, for that will be
better for you. So he said: I shall retain the portion I
have at Khaybar.
Ka'b ibn Malik said to AbuLubabah; or someone else whom
Allah wished; or to the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him): To
make my repentance complete I should depart from the house
of my people in which I fell into sin, and that I should
divest myself of all my property as sadaqah (alms). He
said: A third (of your property) will be sufficient for
you.
I said: Apostle of Allah, to make my atonement complete
I should divest myself of my all property as sadaqah
(alms) for Allah and His apostle. He said: No. I said: The
half of it. He said: No. I said: Then a third of it. He
said: Yes. I said: I shall retain the portion I have at
Khaybar.
The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: If anyone takes a
vow but does not name it, its atonement is the same as
that for an oath, if anyone takes a vow to do an act of
disobedience, its atonement is the same as that for an
oath, if anyone takes a vow he is unable to fulfil, its
atonement is the same as that for an oath, but if anyone
takes a vow he is able to fulfil, he must do so.